Acquiring a plot for the construction of a residential building (or summer cottage), the new owner, in anticipation, begins to plan what and where to build. Unfortunately, plans are not always feasible. Many of them may not meet the requirements and rules established by law.
When designing a house and developing a master plan, it is very important to choose the right location for the house on the site. The norms governing these issues will help to optimally arrange not only a residential building, but also the rooms in it in accordance with the cardinal points. This will help protect against cold winds, drafts and let the maximum amount of sunlight into the house. And this, in turn, will save the cost of heating and lighting the building.
Building codes are not the only thing to listen to. You should take into account the experience, both your own and those of your neighbors and acquaintances. Some nuances in this case can make life much easier in the future.
Where to start
First, you need to carefullyfamiliarize yourself with your new site. To do this, place pegs around its perimeter, if there is no fence. This will help you inspect your property. Imagine exactly what you want to see. Create a “preliminary” master plan.
The next step is to study the regulatory documents that govern the location of the house on the site. There are sanitary, fire, urban planning standards. All of them must be considered.
At the design stage, it is necessary to take into account all buildings, neighboring buildings, even the location of trees. To do this, you need to order a topographic survey of the area. Documents of this kind are issued by the geodetic service.
Insolation of premises
The location of the house on the site on the cardinal points must correspond to the standard duration of insolation. Insolation refers to the amount of sunlight entering a room. There are clear requirements for its duration. But they only apply to living quarters. Premises for other purposes (kitchens, corridors, verandas, and so on) are not taken into account.
Dwellings should be located on the cardinal points in such a way that the continuous period of insolation is the following values:
- More than two and a half hours a day from the north side from April 22 to August 22.
- More than two hours in the central zone from March 22 to September 22.
- More than 1.5 hours from the south side from February 22 to October 22.
These values indicate the time during which the sun should penetrate the room. Moreover, these requirements are not applied to one room. The number of rooms depends on the size of the house:
- In a one-room apartment - one living space.
- In the "kopeck piece" or "treshka" - in any of the living rooms.
- In houses where the number of rooms is more than three - in two living rooms.
In some situations, the duration of insolation may be reduced by half an hour. This applies to houses located in the northern and central zones. And only in the following cases:
- Houses are built in the central or historical part of the settlement.
- If the sun penetrates more than two rooms in two-room and three-room houses.
- If insolation is provided in more than three rooms of a multi-room building.
The cardinal directions when designing a house
The location of the house on the site should be planned taking into account the cardinal points. This will help meet the requirements of indoor insolation, save on heating and lighting at home.
Least of all light falls on the walls located on the north side. Most of the light in the rooms located on the south side. With this in mind, living rooms are recommended to be located on the east and west sides.
Simultaneously with finding the sun and its penetration into the house, it is necessary to take into account the wind rose. They are taken into account for each region of the country separately. If we talk about the central part of Russia, then lessfavorable sides are northern, northwestern and western. These are those parts of the world, the winds from which prevail. Such wind currents have a higher speed, lower temperature, that is, they are stronger and colder than others.
Therefore, most often the walls on the northern and western sides are deaf or with a small number of windows. On the north side, it is recommended to place utility rooms, storage rooms, a garage. This layout of the premises protects the living rooms.
The best way to stay at home
The layout of the house on the site can not be perfect. You can not take into account all the nuances at the same time. But you can try to do it. To do this, consider the following points:
- Site plan and relief.
- Location of entrance to the site from the road.
- Neighboring plots and buildings on them.
- The size of the planned house and its shape.
- Personal wishes of the owners.
Properly chosen location of the house and the bath on the site will help you better relax with your family. If it is necessary to bring communications to the bathhouse, it is located closer to the house. Places of rest (for example, barbecue) are arranged away from home, in the most secluded and beautiful place, away from strangers.
The place for growing plants should be the brightest and most wind-protected corner.
The location of the house on the site on the cardinal points must comply with the most important rule: the shadow of the house should not always be on the site. If this ruleignore, neither the owners of the house nor the plants planted around will be able to enjoy the warmth of the sun.
Historical housing arrangements
Earlier, when there were no regulatory documents yet, the location of the house on the site was chosen taking into account the laws of nature. Particularly the sun.
The building itself was traditionally built on the northwest side of the site, preferably on a hill.
The porch was made from the southeast side of the house. In the same direction there was a bedroom and a children's room. They seemed to meet the rising sun in the morning.
Kitchen windows traditionally overlook the courtyard. And that means - in the north or northwest direction. But the western wall was left blank.
Layout of the house on the site
Building codes are designed for a reason. They help to plan the location of the house in such a way as to create the most optimal and comfortable living conditions.
Requirements of sanitary standards clearly define that there should be no windows in the range of 200-290 degrees north latitude. Windows are installed on the south and southeast sides. This requirement applies to a one-room apartment located in an apartment building. As for a two-room apartment, the window of one of the living rooms should face these sides. In a three-room apartment, two windows should be installed in this direction, and three in a five-room apartment.
On the northern and western sides, the location of the kitchen, outbuildings, pantries, and a bathroom is provided. In this directionit is permissible to equip the front door.
All other rooms should be south or east.
Room Locations
The location of the house on the site requires separate compromises in solving the problem. Each side of the world has its pros and cons. They must be taken into account when choosing the location of the premises.
Most of the sunlight falls on the south side of the house. Therefore, game rooms, verandas, halls, winter gardens are usually placed in this direction.
Least sun falls on the north side. From this side, little light enters the room. And large windows in this case are not a solution to the problem. They only make it worse. A large glass area will lead to strong heat loss under the influence of cold winds. Kitchens, garages, utility rooms are located on this side of the house.
The east side of the house is best lit in the morning. But in winter, the sun disappears from the windows early enough. Therefore, bedrooms, offices, dining rooms are equipped on this side.
The western side is the controversial one. It is more exposed to cold winds and precipitation than others. But in the afternoon, the rooms in this direction are flooded with sunlight. Usually guest rooms, bedrooms (for those who like to sleep longer) are placed on this side.
Feng Shui Recommendations
Recently, following the requirements of Feng Shui is considered fashionable. The location of the house on the land can alsoline up according to the laws of this science. But to do it right, you need to seek help from a specialist. This is not a cheap pleasure. Therefore, this is a justified step only if you plan to live according to the proposed recommendations. If there is no such desire, you can stick to only some individual points.
The location of a residential building on a plot of regular shape should approximately coincide with its center. If the plot is elongated, the house is located closer to the long side. Moreover, the building is not being built from the edge of the site, but in the depths. But there should be more space behind the house than in front of it.
The common rooms are located on the west side. But it is recommended to equip the bedrooms towards the sun, that is, on the southeast side. Bedrooms are not organized on the west side.
Conclusion
The location of the house on the site plays an important role in creating comfortable and cozy living conditions. Traditions, recommendations and requirements of legislative bodies will help to do everything right. But all these norms can change taking into account the climatic zone of the region of residence.
