Currently, the traditional Russian stove is a unique structure. Such a heating device can be found today in urban or rural houses. The design not only heats the room, but is also used by the owners as a place to relax, helps to cook food and dries things perfectly. For the construction of such a structure, certain knowledge will be required, without their presence it is better to use the help of an experienced craftsman. But if you decide to do the work yourself, then it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the technology and procedure.
Design features
Before you make a Russian stove, you need to find out what parts it consists of. In terms of size, such devices are small, large and medium. A conventional oven has a stove bench, an oven and a cooking surface. For construction, you will need to build a furnace, a hearth, a cold stove, a cooking chamber, a crucible, an overtube, a stove bench andview.
For drying firewood, it is customary to use an understove. In many buildings there is no such department at all, because it often turns out to be unclaimed. But the dishes can be stored in a cold stove, it is also not always built. There is a six in front of the crucible. It is a niche where the stove for cooking is located. If it is located in another place, then food is placed in the hearth so that it does not cool down.
One of the parts is under. It is installed with an inclination towards the entrance to the chamber, so that the dishes inside are easier to move. The surface of this element is polished. The cooking chamber is also called a crucible and is used to install heat-resistant dishes and lay firewood.
Vaults of the chamber are performed with a slope towards the entrance. This configuration contributes to the accumulation of hot air masses, heating the walls of the furnace and stove bench. If you are faced with the question of how to make a Russian stove, then you should know that you can supplement it with a tank for heating water. In the building, the heating section is also heated, because of this, the stove reaches the desired temperature faster, and the room warms up in a short time.
In the summer, the stove is not used as a heating device, this possibility arises due to the presence of different departments. This allows you to save fuel and maintain a normal microclimate at home. In winter, all departments are heated in the oven, which helps to heat the oven, stove, hearth and the entire room.
Oven dimensions
The average size of a Russian stove should be such that it can heat a room witha certain area. If this parameter is 30 m2, then the width and height should be equal to 142 and 213 cm, respectively.
At the same time, a distance of 180 cm is maintained between the bench and the floor covering. The dimensions of the Russian stove can be reduced, this will allow you to get a mini heater that burns less coal, firewood or pallets. You can use any other solid fuel as well. This design will take up less space in the room.
Choosing a seat
The Russian oven begins to build after choosing a place for it. If the room is made of wood, then about 20 cm must be left between the walls of the house and the heater. In order to ensure complete safety, the wooden walls are upholstered with non-combustible material, such as asbestos boards. If you leave a gap, this will allow you to revise the walls of the device, which should be done before the onset of the heating season.
Installing equipment between two rooms in the opening, you must overlay it with bricks, the thickness of the masonry should be 20 cm. Between the wooden wall and the masonry, an asbestos sheet gasket is made.
Preparation of tools
It is impossible to build a Russian stove without a certain set of tools. Among them it is worth highlighting:
- trowel;
- hammer-pick;
- pinning;
- building level;
- plummet;
- order;
- rule;
- shoulder;
- solution container;
- measuring bar.
You can replace the troweltrowel. It is used to apply mortar to bricks. With this tool, you can clean the masonry from excess mortar between the seams. A pickaxe is great for splitting and chipping bricks. It is used to fit individual elements.
When the Russian stove is not planned to be decorated with decorative tiles, jointing is used. At any stage of construction, you need to use the building level. With it, you can check the evenness of the masonry. But a plumb line is used to measure verticality.
A very useful device is ordering. With its help, you can maintain the verticality of the masonry, observing the same thickness of the horizontal joints. A rule is used to level the surface of the foundation. It will be needed only once in the process of work. You can stir the solution with a spatula. But the measuring bar will be needed to measure the width of the seams.
Material preparation
Russian stove is intended for use in the process of work:
- refractory material;
- sand;
- soft wire;
- valve;
- grate;
- door;
- asbestos cord;
- chamotte material;
- clay.
All these materials are being prepared at the first stage.
Building the foundation
The construction of a Russian stove necessarily requires a foundation, as the design has an impressive weight. project usuallyprovides for the construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete support. This design should be separated from the main foundation, these parts should not be connected.
First, layers of waterproofing are laid. Ruberoid is perfect for this. The sole of the base of the house will be at the same level as the base of the furnace structure. A distance of 5 cm should be maintained between them.
Sand is poured into the gap. The upper part of the stove foundation should be 14 cm below the floor surface. If a Russian brick stove is installed in the place of a deep foundation, then the pit must be expanded, and then covered with sand and gravel, which are well compacted.
Masonry work
Once the construction of the foundation of the furnace is completed, you can proceed to the construction of the furnace itself. A drawing will help to carry out the laying. In this case, you must adhere to the order. In order for the design to turn out to be safe, the masonry should be made airtight. It cannot be obtained using cracked bricks. Between the rows, seams with a thickness of 5 to 8 mm are left. For tightness, it is undesirable to use clay, coating the walls with it from the inside. This produces soot and reduces thermal conductivity.
Before starting work, the ceramic brick is soaked so that it does not absorb water from the solution. After that, the products dry at the same time, ensuring good tightness of the walls. The outer walls are laid out in half or in one brick, while the inner walls are laid out in half a brick. If you make them into one brick, then youget an impressive thickness, which makes the oven warm up longer. As for the operation process, at this stage you will use more fuel.
Ordering
Ordering the Russian oven will allow you to deal with the intricacies of the work. The accuracy, evenness and correct direction of the structure will depend on the correct laying of the first row. Using a corner, a long ruler and chalk, before starting masonry, it is necessary to draw the location of the external walls. Bricks of the outer wall are laid on the surface, after which you can proceed to the implementation of the inner surface.
In the second row, you should lay the oven wall, draw up an internal channel for cleaning. For cleaning and blowing chambers, the door is installed in the third row. Fixation is carried out with steel wire, which is screwed to the ears on the cast-iron door. The ends should be hidden in the seams between the bricks. The entrances to the internal channels from above overlap in the fourth row. This allows the ceiling of the hearth channel to form.
The grate is installed in the fifth row. The inside of the firebox must be lined with fireclay bricks. It is pre-cut in half in thickness. In the same row, a small firebox door is installed. The hot water tank will be in the sixth row.
The next row involves the installation of a grate in a small firebox. A door is installed on a large firebox. The steel strip will pull the right wall. The laying of the rear wall of a large firebox is carried outwithout solution. The small firebox door is installed and fixed in the next two rows. Then you can continue to output internal channels. The laying of the bottom of the crucible is carried out in the tenth row.
At the back of the structure, channel openings are formed that are responsible for the movement of heated air masses. In this row, the tank for heating water is blocked. A metal corner with a side of 50 mm is fixed to the edge of the masonry in the 11th row. It will become the base for the hob.
A valve is installed on the left side of the plate in the 12th and 13th rows. It will serve as a damper for the cooking chamber. On the left, the lower part of the chimney is formed. The ordering of the Russian stove in the next row provides for the formation of an entrance for the chimney. Here you should also bring out the walls of the crucible and make holes for the damper.
In the fifteenth row, the masonry must begin to narrow, removing the chimney. In the 18th row, a screed of the rear oven wall is installed. The vault continues to shrink. A metal corner is installed above the niche of the hob. The wall above the entrance to the cooking chamber is strengthened in the 19th row. To do this, you need a steel strip. At the same time, it is necessary to fill in the formed place with sand and compact it, which will increase the heat capacity of the crucible.
Masonry covers the surface with sand in the next row. The overtube narrows in the 22nd row. Then a metal element with a round hole should be installed. Next, a door for cleaning the chimney is installed. A valve is made on the overtube in the next row, with its help the draft in the crucible will be regulated andfurnaces.
When laying a Russian stove with a stove, the next step is to connect the overtube to the chimney. Next, the pipe is laid out to the level after which the formation of the cut begins. Masonry is carried out on a solution of cement. When the chimney is removed through the attic, waterproofing should be provided. At the same time, the gaps between the roofing material and the pipe overlap. On this we can assume that the laying of the furnace is completed.
More about chimney masonry
The chimney of a Russian stove should provide good draft. For this, the pipe is made 5 m high. Masonry is carried out using red solid or refractory bricks. The binder solution can be a cement-lime or cement-sand mixture. In the place where the temperature is especially high, a special compound for laying the stove is used.
If you are planning to build a Russian stove with your own hands, the step-by-step instructions will be your best assistant. And in the process of construction, skill will also accumulate. So, for example, you will understand that, it turns out, the desired piece from the product can be chipped off with one blow. However, you will achieve such mastery only with time. If you are just mastering the described work, then it is better to use a grinding cutting machine for this purpose, but you must first mark the brick with a marker. The seams should be as thin as possible, only in this case the chimney will be strong. Their optimal thickness is 15 mm.
To form an otter and cut, you needuse metal rods that are installed in the brickwork. However, fittings must not cross the flue duct. The width and height of the chimney will depend on how thick the seams will be. The thickness of the walls of the brick chimney is 10 cm, which ensures fire safety.
When a Russian stove with a stove bench is built, holes are left in the chimney area for cleaning. Brick walls should be perfectly even, and the corners should be straight. The inner surface of the chimney is finished with plaster for smoothness. The more roughness the walls have inside, the more soot will settle there. It reduces traction and can contribute to a fire. If you want to immediately understand where soot seeps through the cracks, then it is better to finish the chimney outside with whitewash.
Kiln decoration
Tiling a Russian oven with tiles is one of the most common finishing methods. The material is laid on the adhesive, which is applied with a notched trowel. Air pockets must be excluded. They can be dangerous because the air heats up faster than glue or tiles. It begins to expand, which causes the lining to peel off.
Russian oven with stove bench can be finished using a slightly different technology. It involves the use of a master. This technology is applicable when the surface has certain deviations in plane. In this case, the glue should be applied to the corner of the tile, distributing it in a circular motion. Composition fillsall irregularities, and the excess will go beyond the edges of the tile. When facing a Russian stove with a stove, you may encounter difficulty when the finish is not installed in its place. At the same time, it is necessary to hit its surface with a rubber hammer.
