As you know, plaster is one of the important elements in the repair. It serves to create a perfectly flat surface. Apply before finishing. But recently, more and more often, traditional plaster is being replaced with decorative one. Let's take a look at what this cover is. Also, the article will present the main types of decorative plaster.
General information
In addition to its visual appeal, all types of decorative plaster have many advantages. This is what distinguishes the material from others. All types of textured and decorative plasters include a liquid base (plain water acts as it), a filler (lime, granite or marble chips, sand, etc.), as well as a polymer binder. Materials can be used when finishing a variety of surfaces. Like ordinary ones, types of decorative plaster have the ability to mask defects in walls and ceilings. You can finish with materials brick, concrete, wood, plasterboard and other surfaces. At the same time, decorative plaster canprocess and curvilinear forms. One of the undoubted advantages of the material is its plasticity. Thanks to this surface quality, different shapes can be given. Some types of decorative plaster (photos of works can be seen below) can be used to "sculpt" all kinds of patterns and figures directly on the wall. Depending on what result is expected to be obtained, various materials (shells, pebbles, mica and others) can be added to the mixture to form "volumetric" surfaces. It should be noted that it was this "versatility" that made decorative plaster one of the most popular coatings. The material can be used for both indoor and outdoor work. So, there are special types of facade decorative plaster.
Classification
Different types of decorative plaster according to various parameters. In particular, the material is classified according to the type of filler, binder, method of formation. These are far from all the parameters by which the types of decorative plasters are distinguished. The methods of applying the material are also different for each type. One of the main criteria by which the classification is carried out is the type of filler. Next, consider the types of decorative plaster for walls separately.
Popular stuff
Today, as practice shows, textured plaster is the most widespread. One of the advantages of this coating is its relatively lowprice. Small pebbles, mica, mineral chips, wood fibers are used as fillers in the compositions. Thanks to these components, the surface is voluminous, a 3D effect is created. Undoubtedly, such a coating looks much better than just a wall pasted over with wallpaper or a painted ceiling. Textured rollers and special stamps are often used to enhance the effect.
Uniform coverage
Such a surface can be created using structural types of decorative plaster. "Bark beetle" is another name for this material. It is due to the fact that filler particles (fine-grained additives) give the surface the appearance of an old tree. Structural types of decorative wall plasters allow you to create not only a uniform coating, but also a mosaic effect. The fraction of fillers is significantly larger than that of the standard material.
Effective coverage
Venetian decorative plaster is considered today one of the richest types. In the manufacture of the material used marble chips. As a rule, such a coating can be found in interior decoration in antique and classical styles. Due to the homogeneity of the composition, the material is an excellent basis for creating magnificent masterpieces. But it should be noted that special skill and knowledge are required to apply such a coating.
Exterior finishing material
On the market today there are various types of decorative facade plaster. The material in its composition can have a variety of fillers. The main differences thatthese types of decorative plaster possess (a photo of some coatings can be seen in the article), they are high performance properties, resistance to temperature extremes, water and sound impermeability. Thanks to its excellent thermal insulation properties, visual appeal, as well as the ability to protect and strengthen the facade, such plaster is rightfully gaining recognition from professionals in the field of construction and decoration.
Eco-friendly coating
This category includes gypsum plaster. Usually concrete and brick surfaces are finished with this material. The composition of the mixture includes a gypsum base and some polymer additives. Among the main advantages that this coating has are high strength, ductility, and environmental friendliness. In addition, the material allows you to create the most even surfaces.
Types of decorative plaster: advantages of coatings
The material allows you to recreate various surfaces. So, for example, one or another type of decorative plaster is used for antique wall decoration, imitation of onyx, marble, granite, wood, fabric, natural limestone, animal skin. Using the material, you can create original artistic bas-reliefs. The undoubted advantage of the coating is a huge selection of different shades, the ability to choose almost any pattern. All types of plaster for decorative finishing are highly resistant to mechanical stress. The treated surface subsequently does not require special care, does notfade, easy to clean, fire resistant. Before applying the plaster, the base does not require special preparation. Small cracks and irregularities can not be repaired, since the material is able to hide them. As practice shows, the decorative coating does not absorb odors. Some compounds also have protective properties, preventing condensation, corrosion and mold.
Decorative plaster: types of textures, photo
Today, materials with a certain size (fraction) of filler grains are produced. The texture of the plaster is an exclusively aesthetic parameter that does not affect the durability, strength and other performance characteristics. Two main categories can be distinguished:
- Traditional (old generation). The depth of their texture is up to 5 mm. Coating can be done with both traditional and modern mixes.
- New. In this case, modern decorative plaster is used.
Types of textures that can be made with new materials are as follows:
- "Mosaic".
- "Pebble".
- "Bark beetle".
Let's consider each type separately.
The most common option
The bark beetle plaster is the most popular today. The coating can be done in various ways. Types of applying decorative plaster:
- Crossed.
- Circular.
- Horizontal.
- Vertical.
You can also dream up and process the surface of your own free will. Facade plaster of a modern type for painting can be emphasized by the additional introduction of several colors, glazing and other techniques. This will significantly improve the appearance of the coating. Giving the texture "bark beetle" is carried out by grouting with a plastic float a layer as thick as the grain of the filler. Depending on the direction of movement of the tool, the pebbles present in the mixture begin to scratch the coating. As a result, an invoice is formed.
"Pebble" coating
This plaster is considered universal. With its help, a variety of patterns, carved multi-color "sgraffito" drawings, shallow depth bas-reliefs are made. The material is also used to create traditional textures "fur coat", "peas" and others. The "pebble" coating itself is a surface covered with dense crumbs, the size of which is 1-3 mm. Application can be carried out with a trowel and spatula, textured rollers, brushes and other tools that can be smeared, scratched, and create intricate prints.
"Mosaic" cover
This texture is fundamentally different from the others. It is performed in one way, in which a transparent and even surface is created. The composition of the coating contains granules of stone (natural) chips of different (or one) rocks of minerals of high strength. According to many experts and buyers, suchplaster is considered the most beautiful. The coating is applied in a single layer and rubbed with a special tool. The binder is completely transparent. Stone chips are visible from all sides in it. Such a coating is not varnished, not painted. Next, consider the main types of applying decorative plaster.
Spray method
This is the easiest way to create relief on a surface. After the first layer has dried, the second layer is applied. In order to obtain a relief surface, you can use a variety of devices, for example, a broom. It must be taken in one hand, in the other - a stick. The broom is dipped into the solution. Then they are tapped on a stick so that the spray hits the wall. Flakes will form on the surface, the size of which will depend on the density of the mixture and the broom itself. The surface can be pre-painted. For example, it can be green, and the spray can be white. Approximately the same is carried out "Italian" decoration. But here, after the covering layer is applied, without waiting for it to dry, the second one is immediately applied. If the previous one was, for example, blue, then the next one could be white. The second layer should cover most of the first. While the coating has not hardened, it is smoothed.
Creating relief with a trowel
To form the original surface, you can use not only the usual tools. After applying the covering layer, a little solution should be put on the trowel. Further with light movementsplaster is applied to the base. This forms a kind of pattern.
"Multilayer" coating
The textured method of applying plaster allows you to create a coating in antique style. In this case, the material is laid in several layers. After leveling and drying, the coating is painted.
Hatching-bouffant
This method is used to create a relief surface on fresh plaster. The coating in this case is treated with a metal brush. Then the surface must be dried during the day. After that, using a rag, spatula or sponge, remove plaster elements that do not adhere well to the base.
Roll stamping
This is another fairly popular way of applying decorative plaster. Using a special roller with a pattern, relief images are obtained on the surface. If there is no such tool, you can use the usual one. On a simple roller, a pattern is cut out or simply wrapped with a rope. In the latter case, after such stamping, a surface with a pattern resembling grass stems will be obtained.
Sgraffito
This coating technique is more complex than those described above. However, you can also do it yourself. To create a decorative coating, layers of plaster of different colors are applied. Gamma is chosen according to one's own preferences. It should be remembered that the surface must be in harmony with the surrounding interior. To create a drawing, in the top layercut out certain sections on a stencil. Pieces of plaster are removed with the help of cutters or scrapers. If you remove a lot of material from the top layer, then the remaining coating on the background of the underlying one looks like an appliqué. If you remove a small amount, then the picture will turn out to be tinted. This coating can be applied to the entire wall. Also, using this technique, you can create original panels.
In conclusion
There are a lot of types of decorative plaster, as well as methods for applying it. The material describes the most popular of them. In general, work on finishing the premises, both outside and inside, can be completely carried out independently. However, some materials require certain knowledge and special devices. Mixtures containing large granules are recommended for use when finishing surfaces from the outside. Fine-grained plasters are used when working with walls indoors. In the latter case, the surfaces are not so rough.
