Wooden houses have been actively gaining popularity in recent years. There is no ideal technology for their construction, which would not have obvious shortcomings and at the same time surpass all others. At the same time, they mainly build frame houses, the pros and cons of which ensured their great popularity, including in the domestic market.
General
Frame - the basis of the house, consisting of individual elements: beams, boards, beams. In other words, it is a prefabricated structure that takes on all the loads acting on the house. Separate components for frame houses are manufactured at enterprises. Before construction, a preliminary calibration of building structures is carried out, which can significantly save on financial costs and time.
Which house to choose
Which frame houses are better? There are the following varieties of them: frame, shield and frame-panel. They differ in construction technologyand the materials used. Frame houses are not inferior to traditional brick and stone houses in terms of comfort, sound and heat insulation characteristics. In general, they have proven themselves well, including in domestic climatic conditions.
Frame houses: pros and cons
Frame houses, like any others, have their own characteristics, construction technology, advantages and disadvantages. The buyer has the opportunity to get acquainted with their qualities and choose the appropriate option.
Dignity:
- Low cost. The technology of erecting frame houses requires insignificant financial investments. This is associated with their great popularity around the world.
- Quick construction. Excluding preparatory work (foundation and finishing), a construction team of 5 people is able to build a house in 1 month during the warm season.
- Minimum retention costs. The frame house does not require constant maintenance.
- Good sound insulation. The use of special materials, such as ecowool, allows you to achieve high levels of sound insulation, which unprepared frame houses do not have. The benefits of using sound-absorbing materials are clear to anyone.
- No shrinkage. After the construction of the frame house, you can immediately proceed to its decoration and settlement in the near future. For example, log houses cannot be populated immediately after their construction, since it is necessary to wait for their final shrinkage. The process can take 6 to 10 months.
- Lowthermal conductivity of building envelopes. It allows you to keep more heat in winter and keep cool in the hot season.
- Sustainability. Wood is an environmentally friendly material that does not pose a threat to human he alth.
- Lightweight foundation. The technology makes it possible to use lightweight foundations. This saves you money and time.
- Affordability and ease of interior decoration. Unlike concrete or brick buildings, where the walls on the inside must be plastered without fail, in frame houses it is enough to putty joints and places for screwing screws. After that, you can start gluing wallpaper, since the walls are smooth by definition (provided that the technology for their construction was followed).
- Seismic resistance. Frame houses for permanent residence are widely used in a country such as Japan. This is due to the fact that they are able to withstand loads up to 9 points on the Richter scale, and frequent earthquakes are typical for this country.
- High number of freeze/thaw cycles. For example, if a frame house serves as a dacha, then it is enough to warm it up only upon arrival and not maintain the temperature in your absence.
- The ability to build at any time of the year is an important advantage that frame houses have. Construction is carried out under the condition that the ambient temperature is not lower than -15 degrees.
- No gaps. Smooth walls practically do not have cracks and leaks. If there are any, then they are filled with insulation. In addition, the use of hydro- and windproof membranes prevents the penetration of air masses into the walls.
- The ability to repair frame houses with your own hands quickly and at minimal cost. The house can be dismantled, transported to a new location and reassembled. This is feasible only if such a possibility was foreseen in advance at the stage of housing design.
- Optimal microclimate. The use of wood as a building material allows the house to retain its properties, thereby creating a special microclimate. In other words, the walls of such housing "breathe". And this is another important advantage that frame houses have.
Cons:
- The boominess of the design. This disadvantage is typical for all wooden walls and ceilings.
- Need appropriate qualifications of builders. In the technological part, frame houses are complex, and their construction requires the appropriate tools and skilled craftsmen.
- Fire hazard. The problem is solved with the help of special compounds that impregnate wood.
Frame houses: instructions for increasing the period of their operation
When building a frame house, builders adhere to several basic principles. Compliance with them is mandatory, as this can significantly extend the life of the housing.
Strong foundation
Establishing the foundation is the first and one of the most important stepsconstruction of any house, ensuring the stability of the structure. High-quality preparation of the foundation for the foundation, proper knitting of reinforcement and the use of inventory formwork will significantly increase the life of the house.
Good ventilation
Efficient air exchange between the soil and floor beams is carried out using through holes, also known as "air vents". They are made in the ground part of the foundation tape. This prevents the accumulation of moisture and, as a result, the formation of mold under the house.
Quality binding board anchoring
When the foundation is prepared, the binding board is laid on a waterproofing material, the main function of which is protection from the external environment. Next, the diagonals are measured, even corners and walls of the future housing are displayed. It is important to firmly fix them. To do this, anchor the strapping board with the foundation. At the same time, they follow a certain step. Proper fastening will ensure uniform distribution of the load on the surface, eliminate the possibility of shifting the board during construction. Building frame houses with your own hands is a laborious task that requires specific knowledge. Not all builders thoroughly possess the skills of their construction.
Impregnation of the structure
Despite the fact that the frame structure is inside the wall and is not exposed to the outside, it must be protected. For this, specialcompositions that increase the fire resistance of the material. Wood preservative is also carried out. As a result, one of the shortcomings that frame houses have will be minimized. There is no need to list the pros and cons of the compositions, since the owner of the house will only benefit from their use.
Wood is impregnated from four sides simultaneously. The substance must penetrate deeply into the material. It minimizes the possibility of mold, rot and blue staining both in the outer layers and directly inside the log.
Sturdy main frame
The quality of building materials directly affects the durability of the frame as a whole. It is well known that wood is characterized by "shrinkage", in which it narrows by 5-7% in width and thickness, and in length - by 1%. But frame structures practically do not shrink, since vertical racks play a supporting role in them.
Fungal infections of wood in a closed box are one of the most common problems that frame houses suffer from. Cons, like this one, are easily eliminated. For the manufacture of the frame, it is recommended to use dry wood with a permissible moisture content of 10-15%. It is highly durable and resistant to environmental influences. In addition, this will not seriously increase the financial costs of frame houses.
Construction of houses of this type is also carried out in areas that are characterized by earthquakes, floods and other disasters. Frame structures are able to withstand seismic shocks up to 9 points.
Qualityinsulation
The stability of houses even at extremely low temperatures is provided by a mineral wool insulation 15-20 cm thick. This is equivalent to a brick wall 1 m thick.
Using vapor barrier and diffuser membranes
Insulation directly affects the thermal insulation qualities of the room. For example, wet insulation does not fulfill its tasks and, as a result, the house will be cold. You can keep it in optimal condition with the help of vapor barrier and diffuser membranes.
The vapor barrier membrane is applied to the inside of the wall. It prevents the penetration of steam from the room to the heater. Sheets of material are overlapped, which ensures their most efficient operation. The seams are glued with adhesive tape.
The diffuser membrane is applied to the outside of the house. It simultaneously performs two functions: removes the formed moisture through the ventilated gap and prevents its penetration from the outside. Correct frame houses necessarily have both membranes.
Home Maintenance
Caring for such a house is simple and requires simple rules. The owner should conduct regular inspections of the condition of the house, which will allow timely detection of faults. The owner can easily replace the insulation, elements of interior or exterior decoration, frame and other structures. For example, in a brick house, such manipulations are problematic.
Results
The durability of a frame house depends oncompliance with the technological features of its construction. The presence of drafts, the formation of condensate, heat loss - construction defects. Frame houses, the pros and cons of which are described above, are distinguished by durability, strength and thermal insulation properties.
