One of the main questions when designing a new cottage or dacha: what is better to build a house from? There is a huge selection of materials. They differ in performance, cost, installation features. To choose the best option, you need to learn about all the offers of the building materials market. Each of them must be considered in detail before starting construction work.
What to look for when choosing?
In the process of designing a new building, you need to make a choice of material for building a house. The durability of the building, the comfort of living in it, as well as the total cost of the work on its construction will depend on its correctness. In order not to make a mistake, you need to consider the main factors that affect the choice of building materials.
The owners of a suburban area are primarily interested in the issue of cost. Costs should be kept to a minimum. However, you should not save on quality either. If the budget is limited, you need to givepreference for lightweight materials. For example, it can be a house made of foam blocks or a frame structure. In this case, it will be possible to reduce the cost of building a foundation. Light walls suggest the arrangement of a less powerful foundation.
The second important factor in choosing materials is their thermal insulation qualities. They should be as high as possible. If the walls allow heat to pass through, a significant amount of money will need to be spent on heating. Therefore, when choosing, take into account the characteristics of the climatic zone, as well as the properties of the material. Often cottages, summer cottages need additional thermal insulation. This increases the cost of construction. In warmer regions, you can build a house with materials that do not need additional insulation.
When deciding which material is best to build a house, you need to consider another important factor. Each option that is on the market today is distinguished by the speed of installation. If the blocks are large, the construction of the building will require less effort and time. Small blocks significantly increase the period of construction work. Frame panels are characterized by the least labor costs today.
You also need to take into account subsequent costs when finishing the facade and walls inside the room. If the materials from which the cottage was built are smooth, the surfaces will not require additional finishing. It also reduces the final cost of construction. There are building materials that differ in aesthetic appearance. However, they are not afraid of the influence of weather conditions. Such walls do not need decorative finishing.
Brick building
Brick has been a traditional building material for hundreds of years. Today there are many varieties of it. What kind of brick is better to build a house? This question is often asked by the owners of a suburban area in the process of planning construction work. Such a cottage or cottage can be used for up to 150 years. Brick is not afraid of adverse weather conditions, temperature changes. At the same time, the masonry technology has been perfected for centuries, worked out to the smallest detail.
Brick may be different. Most often, ceramic or silicate varieties are used in the construction process. The first type of material is characterized by red color. It is made from clay. It is fired at high temperatures. This material is very durable. It does not pass water, does not emit harmful substances into the environment.
There are solid and hollow ceramic bricks. The shape of the holes may be different. The more voids in a brick, the higher its thermal insulation qualities. Solid blocks are characterized by increased strength. Support structures are erected from them.
They often build a house of white brick. It is also called silicate. This building material is made from lime, sand and some other additives. This type of brick can also be solid or hollow. The walls of it need additional finishing. Otherwise, they will quickly collapse under the influence of rain, snow and wind. A white brick house is built quite often, since thisthe material has an acceptable cost.
Also, a brick can be front and ordinary. The second group of materials is designed to create internal masonry. This brick may have small defects and cracks on the surface. This is not considered a marriage. Ordinary brick allows you to create the main masonry, which has a high bearing capacity.
Front brick has a high cost. Increased demands are placed on his appearance. Facing brick should not have cracks, chips. With its help create a decorative finish. Therefore, such a brick has an impeccable appearance.
Advantages and disadvantages of bricks
What is the best material to build a house from? This question is often asked by landlords. Brick is sometimes one of the best choices. He has many positive qualities. Brick is highly durable. This indicator is indicated by a special marking. There is a brick strength from M75 to M300. The higher this indicator, the greater the load the material can withstand. For the base or foundation, blocks of the M175 or M150 brand are used. The walls are most often erected from M125 bricks.
The presented material can be frost-resistant. This characteristic is also indicated in the marking. For warm regions, it is enough to purchase a brick with a frost resistance class of F15. In the middle lane, you can make building cladding from F50 blocks.
The advantages of brick include its attractive appearance. If you choose a material that is stableto adverse weather conditions, you can not do decorative cladding. At the same time, brick is a durable material. Constructions of almost any complexity are built from it. At the same time, the walls are distinguished by good thermal insulation performance.
Construction of country houses, cottages involves the use of bricks because of its environmental performance. Mold and fungus do not form on the walls. The material is also resistant to corrosion. Brick walls do not let noise into the room. This material is fireproof. The average cost of a brick (together with the payment for the work of the master) is about 4.5 thousand rubles / m with a thickness of 380 mm.
However, this material has a number of disadvantages. The brick structure is very heavy. Blocks are quite difficult to stack. Their size is relatively small, so the walls are built for a long time. The cost of a good master who can create the masonry correctly is high. Also, the construction budget is increasing due to the arrangement of a powerful foundation.
Brick walls almost always need additional thermal insulation. It also increases construction costs. Today, there are many new, modern materials that are superior to brick in many ways.
Block building
Today, new materials are used for the construction of dachas and cottages, which are distinguished by high performance. They are gradually replacing the usual brick. There is a wide variety of blocks. The average cost of these materials (including the work of the master)is about 3.5 thousand rubles/m. Common to these types of materials are large dimensions, which greatly speeds up the construction process. These include:
- aerated concrete;
- foam concrete;
- cinder blocks;
- wood concrete;
- blocks of expanded clay;
- natural stone (shell rock).
Foam and aerated concrete differ in almost the same technical characteristics. These materials are used in private construction. They differ only in internal structure. Aerated concrete is made from cement, sand and lime. A blowing agent (powder) is added to the mixture. It ensures the presence of through channels of small sizes in the structure. Foam blocks, on the contrary, have closed pores. Therefore, the material does not absorb moisture and does not need additional finishing.
Most often, one-story houses are built from aerated concrete. These are small dachas that subsequently need proper finishing. One- and two-story houses are being built from foam blocks. The surface of the walls does not need complex finishing. The low cost and ease of erecting various buildings with your own hands make the presented materials in demand.
However, gas and foam blocks have a number of disadvantages. These are rather fragile materials. Therefore, you need to work with them carefully. Gas blocks are water permeable. Without additional finishing, this material quickly collapses. These materials need additional finishing of the house both inside and outside. At the same time, the composition of materials includes chemicalelements. However, they do not stand out even when the temperature rises. In this case, the foundation must be strong enough.
However, foam block houses are built quite often. Buildings from these materials are built much faster and easier than from bricks. This is a frost-resistant material that is able to pass steam no worse than natural wood. The ideal geometry of the blocks reduces the cost of finishing.
Cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks
Considering the options from which it is better to build the walls of the house, you should pay attention to such material as cinder block - a relatively inexpensive option. It is fireproof, resistant to the development of fungus and mold. If all the requirements for construction are met, the walls will be durable.
However, it is rarely used in construction. These blocks are characterized by high thermal conductivity. Additional costs will be required to create a high-quality, powerful insulation layer outside the walls.
Another disadvantage of cinder blocks is their heavy weight. It is also a rather brittle material. It is distinguished by low rates of moisture resistance, sound insulation. Therefore, much more often in the construction of summer cottages or other buildings, other materials are preferred.
The construction of country houses is often carried out from expanded clay blocks. At the same cost, this material has a lower thermal conductivity. This allows you to reduce the cost of insulation. Expanded clay blocks are environmentally friendly, high strength. They are made from burntclay in a special way, as well as cement mortar.
Buildings up to 3 floors high can be built from claydite blocks. This does not require a lot of time and effort. The blocks are quite large. The correct microclimate is established in rooms made of this material. This is due to the ability of expanded clay blocks to pass steam.
Expanded clay houses are built quite often. The composition of the material does not include synthetic additives. This allows the material to be used for the construction of almost any residential space.
Other types of blocks
One of the options for building a summer house or a private house is a shell rock. This is a natural natural material, which is characterized by high cost. It is advisable to choose such blocks for the construction of walls only in those regions where shell rock is mined. In other areas, the cost of building a natural stone house will be high. This material can be purchased at a price of about 5 thousand rubles/m³.
Shell rock is mined from sedimentary marine rocks. This is a rather fragile material. However, it also has a number of advantages. Blocks made of natural stone are highly soundproof. They don't let heat out. When following the established construction methodology, the walls will be durable and strong.
Shell rock is also highly vapor permeable. This allows you to maintain the right level of humidity in the house. The material is natural and therefore environmentally friendly. In the process of its formation, an array of shell rocksoaked in s alty sea water. It absorbs a large amount of iodine. The house, built from blocks of natural origin, has a special atmosphere. It has a beneficial effect on the human body. A large amount of iodine also helps to protect the home from radiation.
However, this material also has many shortcomings. It rarely builds two- or three-story houses. In this case, it is necessary to create additional reinforcement of the walls. At the same time, the blocks do not differ in good geometry. The material requires additional moisture protection.
It's hard to transport blocks. They are very fragile. This requires the builders to be especially careful when unloading and loading material, as well as when erecting walls.
So what is the best way to build a house? One of the best options is wood concrete. These blocks are made from cement and wood chips. The material is strong and durable. It has low thermal conductivity. From it you can create buildings from 2-3 floors.
Arbolit is an environmentally friendly material. It is vapor permeable. In this case, the walls will isolate the room from external noise. The average cost of construction from wood concrete (taking into account the work of the master) is about 4.7 thousand rubles / m. At the same time, it is quite difficult to find a specialist who knows how to properly build walls from such blocks. The material needs the right finish.
Tree house
Today, the construction of warm wooden houses is popular. This natural material has a number of advantages. Therefore, it is used in the construction of walls. Construction is carried out from a baror logs. Another option for using wood is the construction of buildings from panels. It is also called frame construction.
Wood looks very impressive. Both modern houses and ethno-style buildings are created from it. This is an environmentally friendly material. It has a high vapor permeability. A he althy microclimate is established inside the timber building.
This material also has certain disadvantages. It requires special processing before construction begins. Wood does not tolerate moisture. Her choice must be approached responsibly. Requires material that has been properly dried. Otherwise, it will be deformed.
Because wood is a natural material, fungus and mold can grow on it, and it is susceptible to attack by other pests. With the right choice of materials, as well as their appropriate processing, you can build a strong, durable home. Its walls will not require additional thermal insulation or plastering.
Which wood is better to build a house from? In this regard, there are certain recommendations of experts. One relatively inexpensive option is pine. It is a durable material with low thermal conductivity. You can also build walls from spruce. This material is looser than pine. Therefore, it requires special processing. However, in terms of thermal conductivity, pine is inferior to spruce.
Often the walls of the house are built of larch. This material has a low thermal conductivity. This type of wood is usedfor construction in areas that are characterized by severe winters. Larch is resistant to moisture. It is a strong, durable material.
You can also use cedar, oak and linden for construction. When choosing wood, you need to consider the main qualities of this material. Each type of wood has its advantages and disadvantages.
Building from timber
In our country, the construction of a house from a bar is common. It has a lot of positive features. This material goes through some processing. As a result, the log receives a clear geometric shape. The section can be rectangular or square. The walls are very smooth. This avoids their additional finishing.
The weight of the walls will be relatively light. This allows you to equip a less powerful foundation. Timber, like all wood, is an environmentally friendly material. At the same time, buildings made of it do not shrink significantly.
Building a house from this material requires relatively little time. Construction can be carried out at any convenient time, regardless of the season. Walls made of timber do not let noise from the street into the room. The thermal conductivity of the material is very low. The beam allows you to create a he althy microclimate indoors.
Houses made of timber have a number of disadvantages. This material requires additional processing. Wood must be coated with an antibacterial composition, as well as protect the surface of the walls from moisture. The material is subject to decay. It can collapse, deform.
The material is flammable. If you buy wood of insufficient quality, it can shrink significantly.
Building from logs
The classic construction is a wooden blockhouse made of logs. From it you can build a cottage of any configuration. It is a strong, reliable material. Often houses are built from logs. The material is processed on the machine. As a result, he gets a perfectly flat surface. The cross section is round.
This type of material is cheaper than other types of logs. The top layer of bark and wood is removed from it. Therefore, such logs require additional processing. At the same time, such material of more other types of wood is subject to decay and destruction. The material may crack and warp. Therefore, professional builders do not recommend building houses from logs. There are other varieties of similar materials.
It is better to use a planed, scraped or debarked log for these purposes. They are durable and weather resistant. A planed log is processed not on a machine, but with an electric planer. Therefore, the protective layer is removed slightly.
The debarked log is minimally worked with an axe. Walls made of this material require additional decorative finishing. At the same time, the protective properties of wood are quite high.
The most durable is the scraped log. It is subjected to minor debarking. Next, the bast is removed from the surface with the help of scraping. The material requires grinding before construction, andalso after its completion.
Frame construction
Choosing what is better to build a house from, you need to pay attention to such material as frame panels. These designs are relatively inexpensive. The construction of such a house costs from 2.5 thousand rubles / m (including the work of specialists). In just a couple of weeks, spacious cottages and summer cottages are being built using this technology.
The construction of houses from panels involves the construction of a frame from a metal or wooden profile. OSB or chipboard sheets are mounted on it on one side. A heater is inserted inside the structure. The second side is also sheathed with OSB panels. The walls do not need complex decoration. At the same time, the room will be warm and comfortable.
The disadvantage of such structures is their fragility. At the same time, the material does not let steam through. It is required to create high-quality ventilation. Also, the durability of such buildings is much less than that of other types of materials.
Knowing what is better to build a house from, you can choose the right material to create a strong, reliable and durable cottage or cottage.
