Sandwich panels are one of the new, but already popular building materials. They consist of two cladding sheets and a heat-insulating filling glued with a two-component adhesive. In the context, they resemble a sandwich loved by many.
The products are used in the construction of ASG buildings for the construction of walls and partitions, for the assembly of roofs, the design of door and window slopes, corners in rooms. The use of three-layer panels (TPP) reduces construction time without affecting the quality of the building under construction.
Design RTF
Sandwich panels differ in the type of material used for the facing layers, in the heat-insulating filling, in the type of locking system, dimensions and intended use.
Types of materials for outer sheets of sandwich panels
Can be used as a facing layer for panels.
- Cold-rolled steel of various grades depending on operating temperature.
- PVC is a sheet of foamed, rigid and laminated plastics.
- Varieties of wood-particle board, such as fiberboard, chipboard, CSP.
Products using the latest cladding material are called SIP panels. They are mainly used in the construction of private houses, industrial buildings, warehouses, garages, etc. using frame technology. The assembled structure withstands a load of about 9 tons per square meter in the longitudinal direction, and 1.5 tons per linear meter in the transverse direction.
PVC panels are most often used for finishing door and window slopes, as well as in various designs as a partition. Products with a rigid plastic sheet are usually white. Their strength is higher than PVC foam sheet parts, and the density of the material is 1.4g.
Laminated panels are the most reliable and durable. Due to the peculiarities of the manufacturing technology of the material, laminated plastic sheets are obtained with a variety of decorative surfaces.
Steel sandwich panels are the best in terms of performance. They are used in industrial and residential construction for the construction of internal and external walls, partitions, roof coverings. The outer sheets are covered with a polymer film that protects against weathering. They are resistant to temperature differences outside from -45 to +85, inside - up to +85.
They can be used in areas with heavy snow and wind loads. With the correct calculation and proper installation of the supporting structures of the building, from steel panels, according toGOST 32603-2012, can be built in earthquake-prone areas.
According to the design of the outer and inner layers of the panel are: smooth, wavy, trapezoidal, knurled. Roofing products are produced only with deep trapezoidal profiling, which gives the profile ribs increased rigidity. Thanks to this, precipitation does not linger on the surface.
Types of heat-insulating filler
Optimal indoor climate is achieved thanks to the heat-insulating inner layer of sandwich panels. The physical and mechanical properties of fillers depend on the material used.
Use as inner layer:
- extruded polystyrene foam (EPS);
- mineral wool (Mineralwool);
- polyurethane foam (Urethane).
EPS sandwich board is characterized by high strength and compression resistance, durability, absolute moisture resistance, UV resistance.
Due to the structure, the material can be subjected to heavy loads, it is not for nothing that it is used in the construction of the roadway. When impregnated with a special anti-foam composition, the fire resistance increases. At a temperature of +80 EPS boards begin to melt. Therefore, their use in the southern regions is undesirable.
Three-layer mineral wool board has excellent insulating properties, high incombustibility, resistance to living organisms, and inertness to chemicals. Indicators of strength and resistance to compressionlower than EPS board. Mineral wool as a filler is used in panels with steel cladding sheets, so these indicators are not critical when choosing a product. The big disadvantage is the low moisture resistance of the material.
Polyurethane foam boards are characterized by light weight, excellent water resistance, inertness to chemicals, non-toxicity, high resistance to ultraviolet rays. The disadvantages include low strength, resistance to compression.
Types of lock systems
In the production of wall panels, the longitudinal edges are made in the form of a groove on one side, and a ridge on the other. On wide parts, a double Z lock mechanism is used, in this case the locking connection is symmetrical relative to each other.
There is another way to securely pair the Sekret-Fix panels: a concealed mount supplemented with screws.
In roofing sandwich panels, the side with the ridge is equipped with an additional latch that matches in shape and size with the trapezoidal profile of the adjacent product. The result is a strong connection that can be completed with various roof battens.
Dimensions
According to GOST32603-2012, the thickness of the product depends on the type of filler and ranges from 5 to 25 cm. The width of wall sandwich panels is from 90 to 120 cm. As for the length, from 2 m to 14 m.
If used for sandwich panel slopes, width is 1.5m, length is 3m.
In products for the roof, the thickness reaches 35 cm. Length -up to 16 m. In roof sandwich panels, the width is 1 m. As for the height of the profiled rib - 4 cm.
I.e. when purchasing products, the dimensions of sandwich panels (width, length, height) can always be selected.
Installation
Before installation, they receive and study the design and installation documentation. They check and, if necessary, eliminate deviations of load-bearing structures from the specified dimensions, rust on the surface of metal structures. The side edges of the panels are studied, in the presence of a protruding insulation, its excess is removed with a scraper. During installation, do not allow moisture to enter the ends of the products.
When mounted horizontally, mechanical grips are fixed on the side edges of the panels, for insurance they are pulled over with textile straps and set to the design position.
During vertical installation, the parts are lifted with the help of clamps fastened by through drilling. The remaining holes are closed with shaped or fasteners.
The best way to lift panels is to use suction cups.
For assembly cutting, use electric scissors, electric jigsaws, a circular or band saw for metal. They provide low temperatures when cutting and drilling panels. The use of angle grinders is prohibited, because with significant heating, the strength of the connection between the insulation and the facing sheet is broken.
Sandwich panels are attached to structures made of different materials. It can be wood, steel, concrete. Typefasteners are selected taking into account the type and thickness of the supporting structure, the thickness of the part itself is also taken into account. A self-tapping screw is fixed at a distance of at least 5 cm from the edge of the panel.
When installing panels on a concrete surface, special dowels are used as fasteners.
If the panel is attached to a wooden or steel structure, then self-tapping screws are used.
In any case, all fasteners must be at a 90 angle.
Installation of wall panels
Wall panels can be installed vertically and horizontally. With horizontal installation, installation begins in the direction from the bottom up, that is, from the foundation. With an increased level of groundwater, the base is insulated with a special material and sealant.
When mounting vertically, installation starts from the top corner of the building. After installation of every third panel, the observance of the dimensions and verticality of the resulting surface is controlled.
During installation, monitor the tightness of the connection of the locks on the side edge of the products. With significant fluctuations in the average annual temperature, the lock grooves on the inside are additionally insulated with silicone sealant. In the conditions of the Far North, the tool is laid in the grooves of the lock and from the outside. Sealant is also required before installing the next panel.
Installation of roof panels
Roofing panels are installed on roofs with a slope of no more than 7. If the length of the slope is more than 12 m, the installation of the plates is carried out,moving from the slope towards the ridge and overlapping the panels.
The top panel is attached to the bottom panel with self-tapping screws at a distance of 50 mm from each other. After mounting two rows of plates, they begin to fix the products longitudinally: the screws are screwed into profiled stiffeners.
Installation with sandwich panels helps to get a smooth wall surface that does not require additional finishing in the shortest possible time, reduce the cost of arranging a warm roof.
