Often, when planning to make repairs in the apartment on their own, the owners pay great attention to the design and decoration of the premises, forgetting about the organization of ventilation. But this is the most important moment for maintaining repairs and comfortable living.
Especially in the kitchen and in the bathroom, there is increased humidity, which can ruin both furniture and chrome parts, and the mood of the owners. The ventilation system of the room is designed to deal not only with fumes and odors, but also with the formation of moisture on the walls of the room, which eventually leads to the formation of mold, and subsequently fungus.
A zealous owner, before starting repairs, tries to study the types of ventilation fans, and take advice on choosing and installing devices that supply fresh air to the room.
Requirements for living quarters
Normal climate inside the dwelling contributes to comfortable living and improvement of well-being of all family members. Therefore, the rooms should be arrangeda ventilation system that effectively cleans the air from odor, dust, chemicals in an enclosed space. To improve the operation of the system, a ventilation exhaust fan is installed.
The basic requirements that the microclimate of a dwelling must meet must be known to every apartment owner:
- fresh air must be supplied to the room, free from dust and with a minimum content of harmful substances;
- the oxygen content in the composition of the air should exceed 20%, but carbon dioxide should not exceed 0.2%;
- clean air should enter the room at a speed of no more than 0.12 m/s;
- optimal night temperature is 18-20℃, daytime temperature is 19-23℃;
- air humidity - about 50%.
Of course, there are many other requirements and factors, but they are more related to production facilities.
Fan Selection
Modern manufacturers offer a wide range of different fans for the ventilation system for both domestic and industrial use. Therefore, every person who sets out to purchase a device faces certain difficulties. Ventilation fans that are commercially available differ from each other in some performance characteristics. Therefore, in order to understand this sea of models, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:
- if you have an old air duct, you need to decide on the place of installation of the fan;
- it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the purchased device, which inmainly have nozzles 100, 125, 150 mm, relative to the diameter of the exhaust system channels;
- depending on the area of the room, the exhaust ventilation fan is selected according to its power;
- for the bathroom it is better to choose a silent model;
- bathroom ventilation fan should be with increased moisture protection.
Types of fans
Fans can be classified according to many parameters:
- according to the location of the device, they are divided into overhead (installed on the wall) or ventilation duct fans (mounted inside the channel);
- at the place of attachment, there are ceiling (mounted on the ceiling), wall (installed on the surface of the wall of the room), roof (located in the attics of low-rise buildings);
- according to the principle of operation - centrifugal or bladed;
- According to the method of switching on, ventilation fans are divided into mechanical or automatic.
Axis devices
Such fans are considered the most common in domestic conditions. Structurally, axial fans are an electric motor inserted into a cylindrical housing. A wheel with blades is mounted on the motor shaft. Rotating, the blades capture air. To increase the aerodynamic properties, a special collector is installed at the inlet, which makes the hood the most productive.
Efficiencyventilation axial fan is quite high, but its performance decreases with increasing air resistance force. That is why this system is not recommended for use on the first floors of multi-apartment buildings.
Installation of the ventilation fan is easy to do by hand. It is mounted in an air vent, which is most often located on the wall.
Calve fans
The case of such a device has a spiral shape, inside of which there is a wheel in the form of a blade. Air, getting between the blades, moves towards the wheel due to centrifugal force. The air mixture then enters the casing and the ventilation hole.
Radial ventilators are the most economical and quietest, and they also do an excellent job with the resistance of the air column. If it is possible to adjust the inclination of the blades, then you can achieve minimal noise and electrical energy consumption.
Centrifugal fixtures
Centrifugal fans are much more expensive than axial fans (2.5 times). They are mainly used in enterprises, therefore they are called ventilation industrial fans. The body of such a device is very similar to a snail and has a spiral shape. The performance of this type of fan depends on the configuration of the blades and their dimensions.
Such models have a large traction force and are able to create a lot of pressure. They are rarely used in everyday life, since the dimensions of the centrifugal ventilation fan are verylarge. They are mainly used for installation on the first floors of multi-storey buildings.
Duct fans
The ventilation fans of this type are installed directly in the duct system. Manufacturers offer several options for devices that can be installed in both rectangular and round ducts.
The moisture-proof housing of the channel device allows it to be used in rooms with high humidity. In everyday life, they are very effective for ventilating large bathrooms (more than 15 m22), as they have high performance and power.
Additional functions of exhaust devices
Modern technologies to create convenience in operation allow to equip many ventilation fans with additional functionality:
- Smart devices are equipped with special humidity sensors that can be mounted separately from the device, or can be built directly into the housing. The fan will turn on automatically when the indicator is exceeded, which is set in advance. Of course, such devices cost more than a simple device, but the ease of use is worth it.
- A very convenient feature is the presence of a shutdown timer that turns off the device after a specified time after turning off the power, according to the selected mode.
- To exclude unpleasant odors from other rooms, the fan can be equipped with a check valve. However, the presencecheck valve slightly worsens the ventilation of the room, so sometimes you have to keep the device constantly on.
- Built-in LED lamp allows you to use the ventilation unit as a light.
- There are fans with clocks, which is also very convenient for lovers of soaking in a warm bath.
Fan settings
The main technical parameters of the ventilation fan that you should pay attention to when purchasing the device are:
- Indicator of air exchange, which indicates the volume of air replaced in a certain period of time. Usually, the manufacturer indicates this characteristic in the device instructions, and it is tied to a specific area of the ventilated room. For example, in a separate bathroom, the shift is eight, and in a combined bathroom - 10. To obtain the result, this index is multiplied by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and then by eight if more than three people live, or by six if there are less than three residents. The resulting figure is used when choosing a fan of optimal power.
- Noise parameter indicates the level of noise that occurs when the fan is running. Let the noise level be up to 40 dB, but 20-25 dB is considered the most comfortable.
- The power consumption of the device is also an important characteristic. The cost of operating the fan depends on this parameter. The lower the power consumption, the cheaper it will be to use the device.
Preparation for fan installation
Preliminary work for the installation of the fan consists mainly in the preparation of the outlet of the ventilation system, since the device is installed at the entrance to the common shaft.
If the purchased fan is larger in diameter than the size of the channel opening, you will have to expand the inlet channel. For these purposes, a chisel is used if the operation is performed manually, but it is better to use a perforator in shock mode.
When, on the contrary, the hole is larger than the diameter of the fan, it is necessary to use an adapter plastic pipe or corrugated material. The pipe is inserted into the channel and filled with foam around the perimeter. If desired, you can putty the visible parts, but usually all the nuances are covered by the front panel of the fan.
If there is no general ventilation system in the room, then you need to think over and prepare the installation site for the outdoor duct. Most often, it is hung in the upper corner of the room.
Fan installation
After the preparatory work, you can proceed directly to the installation of the fan. The technological process of installing equipment is not particularly difficult, so you can do all the work yourself, which will save some money.
Of course, it is desirable to install a ventilation device during repairs, but modern finishing materials allowcarry out the work after its completion.
Main stages of installation work:
- First, you need to connect the wires of the device to the distribution box of the home electrical network. When doing this, be sure to turn off the power to avoid electric shock.
- Remove the top decorative fan panel.
- Apply adhesive to the side walls around the perimeter of the appliance.
- Install the fan into the vent, pressing it firmly against the wall.
- Screw the grille of the appliance.
- Connect the power wire to the terminals of the device.
- Install the decorative panel. To prevent insects from entering the room, you can put a mosquito net under the panel.
Some appliances are equipped with a cord to turn on, but this is inconvenient. Therefore, experts recommend installing a separate switch at the entrance to the room.
During the operation of the fan, it is recommended to remove dust from the surface of the device, and also clean the entire mechanism once a year.
Equipment of a working ventilation system will create conditions for a comfortable stay of a person in a residential area, as well as preserve his he alth. It is the installation of a ventilation fan that greatly increases the efficiency of such a system.
