Proper ventilation of the office provides a high-quality microclimate for the functioning of the enterprise. One piece of evidence for this comes from research conducted at the time of outbreaks of viral diseases. In organizations that have office space with a properly installed supply and exhaust ventilation system, the level of diseases is much lower.
Regulatory documents
Even at the construction planning stage, design documentation for future premises is being developed.
It must have a number of sections, which include the item "ventilation". To calculate and develop a project in this direction, a whole list of regulatory documents is used: GOST 30494, GOST 12.1.005, SanPiN 2.1.2.1002 and SanPiN 2.2.4.548.
In order to choose the right equipment, the purpose of the premises, their area, the planned number of employees, heating systems, natural ventilation, etc. are determined. You should consider in detail all the specifics of this topic.
Calculation technology
Ventilation of office premises requires performance calculation. This requires the following data:
- Office parameters: height and area.
- Number of staff. Plus - the estimated flow of visitors.
The calculation is carried out according to two formulas.
First, the air exchange rate is calculated:
L1=nSH, where L1 is the air exchange rate, n is the air exchange rate (for administrative premises it is 2.5), S is the area and H is the height of the premises.
Further calculated according to the estimated headcount:
L=NL2, where N is the number of employees, L2 is the standard indicator per person (for administrative premises from 40 to 60 cubic meters per hour).
From two calculations, the maximum indicator is taken and laid in the basis for the selection of ventilation systems.
Additional data for selection
Since there are many types of equipment and systems, others can be added to the main characteristics:
- Calculation of the power of the heater. Used to preheat the supply air.
- The speed of movement of air flows, the cross section of the conductive system.
- The pressure level created by the fans in operation.
- Noise level. At high rates, a separate room for the installation of the aggregate part will be required. Also, this indicator should be taken seriously if the office is located in a residential building (so that there is no conflict with residents during operation).
- Opportunityplacement in a separate room, conducting ceiling wiring.
It is necessary to consider the requirements for offices, in terms of regulations. It is to achieve such a microclimate that equipment is selected.
Regulations for offices
SanPiNs provide for certain requirements for the climate of administrative premises, which include offices. The rules are as follows:
- Optimum air temperature is 20-22°С. The allowable range is from 18 to 24°C.
- Relative humidity - 45-30%. Permissible - up to 60%.
- Air speed from 0.2 m/s, permissible - up to 0.3 m/s.
With such indicators, the efficiency of office workers will be maximum.
But deviations in one direction or another under the law are fraught with a shortened day for employees, as well as the cancellation of the working day.
Therefore, the installation of ventilation systems is mandatory in cases of violation of climatic conditions. But what kind of plan should be decided in each case. Having de alt with the technical requirements, it is worth considering what ventilation units exist.
Varieties
Office ventilation is selected individually. Sometimes this is an existing system. Consider what types of ventilation classifications exist:
- according to the way of working: natural and mechanical;
- by circumference area: local, general exchange;
- by functionality: supply, exhaust, supply and exhaust.
There are a number of systems based on classification:
- cassette and independent air conditioner;
- supply and exhaust ventilation.
Systems
Initially, it should be noted that this equipment should not be considered as a full-fledged air handling unit. Typically, these systems are used to create favorable humidity and temperature.
However, they do not serve to supply fresh air. There are several types of such devices:
- Monoblock. Used in rooms with a minimum area. Mounted on a window opening. Able to create optimal temperature conditions. Cheap option. This view will require natural ventilation of the office.
- Split system. Also used in offices with a small area. Creates an optimal microclimate. Some models are able to filter the air using built-in filters. The evaporator is usually mounted on the wall inside the room, the condenser - outside. One type of split system is a multisystem. It consists of several evaporators and one condenser. It is also an inexpensive type of equipment.
The office air conditioning system is selected by calculating the required power and the functionality that they want to get from it. As a rule, such devices require mandatory maintenance. This includes replacing filters and flushing the system.
Such equipment is used, rather, as an addition to a conventional mechanical supply and exhaust system. And it goes exactlyseasonal use, i.e. summer.
Cassette air conditioners
One of the most interesting devices for office ventilation. Unlike conventional ones, this analog can be used for large areas. But to install it, you will need a sub-ceiling space for wiring communications.
Let's look at what makes this type of equipment remarkable:
- Performs the main function - the creation of an optimal microclimate. Some models have an air supply. Can be equipped with options: humidification, ionization, dehumidification.
- Quiet, which is important for office space.
- Safe cooling. Air is supplied to the office premises in four directions along the ceiling.
- Aesthetic look.
Such systems can be used as part of supply ventilation, and this is a definite plus.
Duct air conditioner
Good alternative to venting. This type of equipment is positioned as an independent air conditioner.
Such a device can be used floor by floor. For it, both supply and supply and exhaust ventilation are used.
A subceiling space is required for mounting the duct element and air ducts. There is a capacity of such devices: low-pressure, medium-pressure, high-pressure. Advantages of such devices:
- Working with fresh air supply.
- Hidden eyeliner system.
- Quiet operation.
- Opportunitymaintain a microclimate in several rooms.
At the same time, there are a number of disadvantages: complex calculation, installation, maintenance; it is not possible to independently set the temperature in each room.
Ventilation of an office up to 600 sq. m. will be provided with sufficient quality by such a system.
Inlet and exhaust ventilation
The previously discussed systems are not relevant for large business centers. For such buildings, it is better to provide central air conditioning. Such devices require installation away from offices, as they are quite noisy equipment.
Such ventilation units help to solve a number of problems in providing the office microclimate:
- Temperature regime. In cold weather - work for heating, in warm - for cooling.
- Moisture.
- Dry.
- Fresh air supply.
- Outflow of polluted air.
With the help of such installations, the most comfortable working conditions are achieved.
Along with the advantages, there are a number of specific nuances:
- Complexity of calculation and installation.
- Significant one-time costs for the purchase and installation of equipment.
- Ducts require under-ceiling space.
Initial costs will more than justify themselves during the operation of the equipment. They will be significantly less than the maintenance of numerous individual air conditioners.
A little more about ventilation
It should not be forgotten that there is stillnatural ventilation of the premises. And in any case, periodic ventilation is required before and after work. Also, most of the buildings already at the construction stage are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. But taking into account the fact that reality often does not correspond to project documentation, additional devices have to be used to maintain an optimal microclimate in offices.
Do not forget about the maintenance of ventilation systems. Otherwise, they will become not an influx of fresh breath of air, but a breeding ground for bacteria. Ventilation equipment requires cleaning, as well as replacement of filters, periodic flushing.
Conclusion
An office ventilation system is one of the important factors for the successful operation of an enterprise. Therefore, compliance with SanPiNs and state standards is necessary not so much for inspections as for caring for personnel. Do not forget that a person spends most of his life at work.
So, we found out what ventilation units and systems exist.
