Do-it-yourself drainage on the site can be easily done if necessary. This may be required when there is excessive moisture in the area, which can cause many problems. If you have not thought about this issue, then stagnant puddles are the first signs that you should pay attention to. They may not leave the site for several days or even weeks. Do not neglect these shortcomings of the territory, because after a while you will certainly encounter such problems as not only the foundation getting wet, but also its destruction. Minor troubles cannot be avoided in the form of wet plants and trees, which can even die from excess moisture. Especially often, do-it-yourself drainage on a site is necessary if it is located in a lowland where the groundwater level is high.
Varieties of drainage
Drainage can be arranged in one of several ways. The first is called deep drainage, the second -superficial. The last of these is used to drain water from the site that accumulates after seasonal floods or heavy rainfall, while the first is used to reduce the level of soil moisture by diverting groundwater. The type of drainage, as a rule, is chosen not only depending on the condition of the site, but also in accordance with the preferences of the owner. Despite the fact that each variety has differences and its own characteristics, you can arrange it on your own.
Drainage design features
Do-it-yourself drainage on the site must be done according to the rules. So, if we talk about the surface, then this view can be point or linear. The first is intended for the removal of liquid from oversized areas, which are very isolated. But if there is a need to cope with the accumulation of water, then it is necessary to equip water intakes, which basically assume the presence of point drainage. These can be areas that are located under the drains, in the lowlands of the relief, as well as in the lower part of the terraces; entrance areas also act as objects for installing point drainage. This system is the simplest and does not imply the need for preliminary preparation of a special scheme.
Do-it-yourself drainage on the site will be more difficult when it comes to a linear type system. This type of drainage provides for the task of draining water from buildings, in addition, such systemsare perfectly able to cope with the protection of the paths on the site from the water of the paths, they perfectly protect the entrances, and also resist the washout of the fertile layer of soil from the territory of the suburban area.
Features of linear drainage
If we describe linear drainage, we can say the following: this design is represented by a pre-planned system of shallow trenches. The latter are laid at a certain angle, located along the perimeter of the territory and in those places where the accumulation of water is most marked. Do-it-yourself drainage in a garden plot involves drawing up a site project. A main trench must be available, which is necessary to collect water that enters the ditches. Its end should be in a water intake, which can be a ravine or a traditional storm sewer.
During the design, it is imperative to take into account places where water stagnation is noted. This is necessary in order to lay trenches from these points to the main drainage system. You need to understand that the slope of the drain must also be correctly calculated, otherwise the water will not leave. The smallest drainage slope is 0.003 m for sandy soils. As for clay soils, this indicator should be equal to 0.002 m. The water intake must be positioned so that its position is below the linear drainage, it is with this calculation that it is necessary to drain the site with your own hands. Drainage of sites, as practice shows, occursmost effective if the slope is made equal to 0.005-0.01 m.
Features of surface drainage arrangement
When arranging the surface drainage of the territory, two methods must be applied. The first one is open. It involves digging open trenches. The walls of such structures should be formed at an angle of 30 °, it is these parameters that will allow the liquid to flow freely into the ditch. The design should have a width within 0.5 m, while its depth should be equivalent to 0.7 m. The main advantage of such a system is ease of execution. However, there is a serious disadvantage, which is expressed in an unaesthetic appearance, this is what will spoil the overall impression of the site.
Strengthening the walls of the drainage system
Among other things, it should be noted that if the walls are not strengthened, they soon begin to crumble, which will make the structure unusable. It is possible to solve this problem by using crushed stone backfill, which prevents the destruction of the trench, however, there is no way to avoid the fact that the throughput will be significantly reduced.
Do-it-yourself drainage of the site, the device technology of which must be studied before starting work, involves filling the lower part of the groove with rubble, using coarse-grained material, while fine-grained gravel should be used for the upper part. This will solve the problem of crumbling walls. From above, everything can be covered with turf.
You can also solve the problem of shedding by using drainage trays mounted in trenches, from above everything must be covered with bars. The latter are necessary in order to exclude the ingress of debris. The base of the trays can be concrete, plastic or polymer concrete, while the grate can be steel or plastic.
Deep drainage device features
If you are interested in the installation of a drainage system on the site, then you can also consider the installation features of a deep-type structure. This will reduce the overall moisture content of the soil. In order to ensure the effective operation of the system, it should be located below the groundwater line. Initially, a geodetic plan of the site is made, which will allow you to understand where the aquifer lies.
In order to determine at what depth the drains will lie, it is necessary to take into account the average values. Thus, the pipes can be located at a depth of 0.6 to 1.5 m.
If you have to work with the territory on which peat soils, trenches should be laid deeper, this is due to the fact that such soils settle rather soon. The installation depth is within 1-1.6 m. In order to work on the arrangement of the system, it is necessary to use perforated pipes. As a rule, they are based on plastic. Do-it-yourself drainage in a summer cottage, the device of which is described in the article, is done withusing drains, with regard to the deep system. Thus, drains are pipes Ø50-200 mm, in which there are holes Ø1.5-5 mm.
Deep drainage installation recommendations
In the case of a deep system, as in the arrangement of surface drainage, the system assumes the presence of a main trench. It will begin to collect moisture from secondary pipes, and its end will go into the water intake. When drawing up a plan, it must be taken into account that the perforated pipes will be mounted on a base of sand and gravel. In the process of carrying out the work, it will be necessary to equip the trenches. To do this, channels are dug, the width of which is 40 cm. The base is laid on the bottom in layers, only after that you can start laying the pipe. Sometimes it is wrapped with geotextile, which helps protect the holes from clogging.
Installation of wells
Without the help of specialists at the first level, deep drainage of the site cannot be done by one's own hands; project, device must be entrusted to a team of professionals. In order to be able to control the drainage process and clean the system, special wells must be installed. They can be based on w / w. However, if the drainage depth is not more than 3 m, then corrugated pipes should be used. Structures should be fitted with covers to keep debris out.
Recommendations for installing wells
It is necessary to follow all the rules, if you decide to implement a drainage device on the site, the general idea of deep type drainage involves placing wells in a straight line with steps of 50 m, as for a winding trench, then wells should be at every turn. Be sure to contact the geodetic service if it becomes necessary to build such a deep drainage system.
