When equipping a summer house or a country cottage where there is no centralized sewage system, the question of how to choose a septic tank for a private house will definitely arise. Some decide to save money and build a cesspool. However, this method is short-lived and unhygienic. The sewer has always been famous for its unpleasant pungent odor.
When choosing a septic tank for your home, you need to consider the amount of waste and the size of the serviced area, as well as the degree of cleaning and other important factors.
Types of local cleaning systems
Based on the planned level of installation costs and the required characteristics of the installation, it is necessary to correctly select a septic tank for the house. How to choose the most suitable type, the principle of the autonomous system will answer.
All existing models can be divided into several groups.
- Cumulative type of system. This is the easiest waste treatment option and the cheapest. All drains are stored in a sealed container. Such a design can be assembled independently from any waste container. This system is suitable for people who do not often visit the cottage or cottage. Otherwise, pump out sewage waste from a septic tank in a private housewill have to do quite often.
- Sump with soil aftertreatment. The consumer is offered a container with infiltrators, which are aeration platforms without a rectangular bottom. It is allowed to create a field for cleaning on your own.
- Deep wastewater treatment. The principle of operation is the settling of solid waste and the processing of biologically active elements that the septic tank produces. How to choose the volume and performance of the installation will determine the number of people in the territory. This type of treatment allows for the processing of up to 95% of waste. The disadvantage of such a system is the high cost.
System material
When looking for a solution to the question of how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence, it is also necessary to determine which autonomous sewer material is best suited for the conditions of the site.
You can give preference to reinforced concrete. This material is strong, waterproof and durable. Installation of the structure will not take much time. It should also be noted that reinforced concrete is less susceptible to cold and temperature changes than other materials.
When choosing a septic tank for a private house, you should not make it from monolithic concrete, as installation in this case will be quite complicated.
Many summer residents opt for autonomous brick sewer systems, which are quite easy to install. In terms of quality, they are almost as good as reinforced concrete structures.
The most common and cheapest type of septic tank is plastic. However, this option is also the most short-lived, because it is easier for it to cause mechanical damage. This material will also not withstand high soil pressure.
Bioseptics that process waste with the help of special bacteria have proven their effectiveness.
Septic tank volume
The performance of an autonomous cleaning system is calculated based on the number of people who will be in a given area, as well as the frequency of site attendance.
According to SNiP 2.04.03-85, water consumption per person during the day is 200 liters. This value includes the cost of water for showering and bathing, sewerage and use of the kitchen. When the total cost of water is more than 5 cubic meters per day, then the calculation is carried out by multiplying the consumption rate by 2.5.
The scheme for choosing a septic tank for a summer residence looks like this:
Number of people x 200 x 3/1000=cubic meters
The formula uses the amount of time needed to clean up. An autonomous sewer system recycles waste with a cycle of 3 days. The result obtained is considered the necessary displacement of a septic tank in a private house.
The calculated value is indicative and depends on many additional factors. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you need to take into account the individual needs of the people living in the cottage, the frequency of their visits to the house. It is important whether there is on the sitevegetable garden.
Installing a septic tank in a private house, where they rarely come and not a very large company, involves the installation of a smaller wastewater treatment system. If, however, it is supposed to live permanently in the country during the summer season, closing conservation from your garden, the volume of autonomous sewage should be increased.
Number of cameras
After the volume of the sewer was calculated according to the formula, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the water flow on the site, the number of sections that the septic tank for the cottage will have is determined. Which type of system to choose will be prompted by the displacement of autonomous sewerage previously determined.
When the wastewater flow is up to 1 cubic meter per day, a single-chamber sewer cleaner should be installed.
If the cost of terms will be in the range from 1 to 10 cubic meters, a two-section septic tank for a cottage will be the best choice.
With a daily consumption of more than 10 cubic meters of water, it is reasonable to mount a three-chamber autonomous sewer cleaner. In the first section, solid waste is accumulated and settled. The liquid enters the second and third chambers, where it is to be cleaned and drained from the system.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house, in which the owners have special requirements for waste processing, will be prompted by specialists with a sufficient level of qualification and professional experience.
Features of the soil of the site
The nature of the soil and the permeability throughthe water in which the sewer will be installed is of great importance for the correct choice of a septic tank.
For light sandy soil, any self-contained sewer system will do. In the case when the soil is heavy, it is necessary to install a structure with a biological cleaning principle or with a reservoir, passing through which the waste does not enter the soil.
If the site is characterized by high permeability of groundwater, a septic tank with soil aftertreatment will not work. Only sealed containers may be used.
Septic tank location
Having thought through all of the above factors, it is necessary to take into account one more factor that affects the installed septic tank. Sewerage in a private house must have the correct location of the tank.
If the site has groundwater close to the surface, horizontal placement of the wastewater treatment container should be preferred. The septic tank will resemble a cistern in its shape.
In an area with deep groundwater, in order to save space allocated for an autonomous sewer, you can place the container vertically. In this case, the pit will be quite deep.
It should also be noted that, according to sanitary standards, the septic tank should be located no less than 50 m from the water intake and 5-20 m from the house.
Therefore, when solving the problem of how to choose the right septic tank, it is necessary to correctly plan the space of the site andsoil features, and then decide on the type of location of the system tank.
Polyethylene drain cleaner
Today the most popular are plastic violins. This type of autonomous sewerage was widely used as a result of a low price. Plastic is considered less resistant to adverse conditions material. However, modern types of such drain systems are made using the latest technologies and are adapted not only to the conditions of a summer cottage, but also to specific industries.
A good option for a septic tank for a cottage or your own home will be a polyethylene sewer. This material is designed to withstand significant temperature changes and chemicals.
The technology of manufacturing polyethylene containers allows the production of multilayer seamless containers that can be made in any configuration. Increased wall density extends tank life.
Polypropylene cleaner
Another type of plastic autonomous sewage systems is a polypropylene septic tank. The material from which the containers are made is very durable and resistant to abrasion, and the temperature of the drains can withstand it reaches 140 degrees.
Polypropylene septic tanks are very resistant to stress corrosion cracking. This is a very durable option.
Fiberglass cleaner
Another great solution to the question of how to choose a septic tank for a private house so that itserved the owners for a long time, will be the choice of fiberglass sewer.
The basis of the material for this type of containers is made from resins. In the process of technological processing, in order to strengthen the walls of the container, they are reinforced with fiberglass. This material is virtually non-corrosive and can be used to treat chemical waste.
Septic tank maintenance
It is necessary to select the appropriate type of autonomous sewer cleaning in accordance with the conditions for cleaning the system.
Any septic tank, regardless of its type, needs appropriate treatment. Based on the factor of the frequency of cleaning performed and the possibilities available to the owner, a suitable system is selected.
If it is preferable to carry out cleaning on your own, the choice is stopped at a bio-cleaning septic tank. It does not require special training in maintenance. But for accumulative types of autonomous sewage, you will need to use a special sewage machine.
After reviewing all the factors and criteria that determine how to choose a septic tank for a private house, you can mount such an option for an autonomous sewage cleaning system that will meet all sanitary and hygienic standards and become a durable, indispensable element for the functioning of a country house.
