The accumulation of rain, melt and ground water on the site adversely affects its aesthetic and biological condition. If measures aimed at drainage are not taken, a swampy zone unsuitable for economic use may soon form. A drainage well connected to the drainage system can solve the problem without specialized tools.
The principle of operation of the structure
Consider the operation of a drainage well in the overall context of the hydrological infrastructure at the site. As already mentioned, in natural mode, liquid accumulates on the surface. Sources can be both rising groundwater and precipitation. The well in this case acts as one of the storage options, into which water enters. That is, in addition to the tank, a communication network must also be pre-equipped to direct the drains to the point of intake. Moreover, the drainage wellfor a septic tank and in itself acts as an intermediate point for transporting water. In this case, the collected liquid is sent to a treatment plant (septic tank), filtered and released back into the ground.
Turn wells
In a way, these are preventive structures designed to keep sewage channels clean. Since dirt and sand accumulate in the pipe corrugation during the operation of the drainage trench system, regular cleaning is required. It is this task that rotary wells perform through drains in complex transitional areas. As a rule, they are small in size and constructed from cheap materials. For example, a low-depth drainage plastic well is a typical solution to this problem. Its depth can be only 1 m, but the frequency of placement exceeds capital storage and septic systems. According to the rules for the location of drainage collectors, rotary tanks should be arranged at every second pipe joint and at the intersection of several drainage channels.
Storage wells
This is the most popular solution to waterlogged areas. Compared with rotary wells, this structure is arranged in the singular on the site and is characterized by a large capacity. On average, a storage well has the following parameters: 2 m deep and 1.5 m in diameter. This is enough to serve a small backyard area, which is adjacent to the house or cottage. During operation, the drainage well collects water,coming from all sources of the nearby territory, which are connected with it by a system of trenches. A significant difference between such communications is the use of large-format pipes. With their help, timely delivery of water in conditions of intensive accumulation is ensured. Sometimes filtration systems are included in the overall configuration, so the tank can also be considered as a purification water collector.
Water absorption wells
This is a kind of storage structure, but it has a feature that consists in the release of water directly into the ground. In other words, this well does not require third-party pumping of fluid into a septic tank or irrigation system. It is made deeper (about 3 m), but the diameter remains standard - 1.5 m. At the same time, the purification functions of water absorption wells are improved due to their own drainage. To ensure this task, a bottom cushion is used, formed by layers of sand, gravel and brick fragments. These layers are covered with a layer of geotextile, after which additional filtering equipment can be installed. In cases of intense accumulation of water, drainage wells of a water-absorbing type can also be pumped out. For this, auxiliary channels are brought in, connecting the tank with the same septic tank or other water collectors.
Manholes
Another variation of the preventive system that performs the task of ensuring the technical feasibility of drainage revision. The main requirements for this structure are reduced to the possibility of inspectionwatershed quality and carrying out repair and restoration work. The user can descend into such a niche and evaluate the performance of the infrastructure. The requirements for the parameters in this case are minimal, for example, a viewing drainage well can have only 1 m in diameter. But such objects are rare in their pure form. Usually they are combined with functioning water collectors - the same storage tanks in which devices are arranged for convenient descent of a person and immersion of equipment. Rotary wells, due to the complexity of interfacing with several approach channels, in principle, should provide the possibility of such an audit.
Which material is better for a well?
Determining the construction for many years, it is more expedient to use concrete as the basis for the structure. It turns out a durable, reliable and resistant to high loads water intake, which practically does not require maintenance. But this solution also has disadvantages. Firstly, installation activities are expensive, since you have to work with heavy mortar or concrete rings. Secondly, functionally the design is absolutely “clean”. After the installation of the structure, a considerable part of the time and effort will have to be devoted to the integration of the supply channels with adapters, fittings and branch pipes. In this regard, a plastic drainage well, initially provided with the necessary plumbing fittings, is more advantageous. Also, the work operations in this case are much easier to perform. The finished plastic structure weighs a little and in some modifications allows you to handle it evenwithout special equipment. As for the reliability of plastic, modern composite alloys are characterized by resistance to corrosion and chemically aggressive environments. However, strong physical loads during movements in the ground can deform the hull, although stiffeners are provided for this case.
Construction of a concrete well
As already noted, there can be two options for constructing a concrete water collector - by pouring mortar and by immersing rings. The first method is more focused on implementation in industrial complexes. The second option is widespread in private households, so you should pay attention to it. Typical rings of drainage wells are prefabricated elements from which the structure is assembled. Dimensional parameters can be different, which allows you to mount the structure according to specific requirements. For example, the standard meets the following characteristics: diameter - from 70 cm, wall thickness - 8 cm, and depth - from 100 cm. In choosing rings, it is important to evaluate the degree of load. In particular, for additional strength, you can choose elements with reinforcement with rods 10-12 mm thick.
At the first stage of installation, a pit is made with a previously determined design depth. Sometimes several rings are used according to the extension method, so the dimensions of the niche can be adjusted. If it is planned to install a filtering water collector, then a drainage cushion is laid on the bottom. In this case, pre-laying is not required.concrete bottom. Before installation in a pit, concrete drainage wells are marked at the points of supply of channels. Holes are formed in them, into which pipes from the sewers will be launched. Immersion is usually carried out with a loader crane in such a way that a precise center fit is ensured. At the final stages of installation, the structure is connected to the pipes, backfilling of the rings on the sides, tamping and laying insulating layers if necessary.
Building a plastic well
In this case, a ready-made drive design is also used, which is immersed in a previously prepared pit of the appropriate size. When choosing a well made of plastic, the following parameters should be considered:
- The configuration of the location of underwater holes with nozzles.
- Design type in terms of layout - there are monolithic and prefabricated models. In the first case, the device of the drainage well involves complete sealing, and in the second case, the organization of a system divided into functional zones.
- Additional accessories such as metal platform on top, manhole, equipment bays, etc.
After completion of earthworks, the container is immersed in the shaft, fixed with load-bearing fasteners and connected to pipes. Next, you should isolate the plastic case with insulating and vapor barrier materials. As a universal shell, you can use geotextiles with sand and gravel.
Creation of a drainage network
A well is only a part of the general drainage system, which can act as both an intermediate collection and a final one. Depending on the conditions, a ravine with a reservoir outside the site may also act as a place for collecting water. One way or another, to connect functional structures, it will be necessary to organize a network of channels with pipes included in the drainage well. With your own hands, you can solve this problem with the help of an ordinary shovel, if we are talking about short distances. In other cases, it is better to use special equipment. The trench is dug to a depth of 40-50 cm, after which it is covered by 10-15 cm layers of sand and gravel. Waterproofing from the same geotextile along the entire length of the line is also required. Next, pipes are laid, the trench is covered with earth and rammed.
Facility operation
In most cases, drainage wells operate autonomously, naturally and without additional effort, transferring flows to the final catchment points. At the same time, with varying degrees of regularity, it may be necessary to clean the structure or promptly pump large volumes of water (with heavy rainfall). In such situations, special pumping equipment is used. With its help, water is pumped from a drainage well into a septic tank, pond or other storage device. Usually the pump is connected for a certain time until the well is drained. But in some cases, the equipment is configured to work continuously with short breaks.
How to choose a well maintenance pump?
Preference is worthgive submersible drainage models that can be lowered into the water. The most practical are float units, the operation of which is regulated in automatic mode. When the filling reaches a certain level, the system itself activates the pumping function. As for the operating parameters, the drainage pump for the well should be selected according to its power, maximum lifting height and performance. For example, an average model costing 2-2.5 thousand rubles. provides a throughput of about 60 l / min., carrying out the rise of water by 7-10 m.
Conclusion
The organization of a drainage network on the site is mandatory if the relief and groundwater level prevent natural drainage. The efficiency of such an infrastructure is determined not only by the quality of installation work, but also by the calculation of the wastewater redirection scheme. For example, a sump located at a higher level than the final collection will require more power from the pump to pump the liquid. The rational use of a network of trenches with varying pipe heights is the cheapest and at the same time effective way to create a natural circulation of wastewater. The correct calculation of such a system will completely eliminate the need to use drainage pumps.
