Among the numerous ornamental shrubs, the Rosehip genus occupies a special place. One of the most popular plants of this genus is the wrinkled rose. Long-term preservation of decorative qualities allows you to use it to decorate the site. In addition, rose hips have a colossal content of vitamins, and therefore this plant is also grown for medicinal purposes.
Description
Rose wrinkled belongs to the genus Rosehip from the Rose family. The homeland of this plant is Japan, China and the Far East. Under natural conditions, the rose grows on sandy and rocky coasts, as well as in meadows near water bodies. The shrub has a spreading crown and grows up to 2.5-3 meters in height. The name of the rose is given due to the heavily wrinkled leaves with a gray-green edge and reaching a length of about 20 centimeters.
Some hybrid varieties have a smooth and shiny leaf surface. Numerous thorns on the shoots are red and curved. Almost all varieties and hybrids of this rose have large and very fragrant flowers, the diameter of whichvaries from 6 to 12 centimeters. The flowering period lasts throughout the summer, and the most abundant - in June. In rare cases, you can observe the re-bloom of wild rose, when fruits hang on the bush and flowers bloom at the same time.
Popular varieties and hybrids
In this section, we invite you to get acquainted with the most beautiful varieties of wrinkled roses. Planting different varieties is almost the same, as well as further care for them.
- F. J. Grootendorst. This variety is characterized by medium-sized double flowers of crimson-red color. A distinctive feature of the flowers is their unusual shape, reminiscent of a carnation. Abundant flowering persists throughout the growing season. This variety is very frost-resistant, so it does not require shelter for the winter. Basic care is watering, fertilizing and mulching.
- Pink Grootendorst. Shrub of amazing beauty, covered with soft pink double flowers, having a diameter of about 4 centimeters. The carved edges of the petals resemble carnation flowers. This variety pleases with repeated flowering in early autumn.
- Abelzieds. Fairly tall shrub (about 2 meters), shaped like a pyramid. Cup-shaped flowers of pale pink color reach a five-centimeter diameter and have a terry structure. The variety is characterized by long flowering and resistance to cold weather.
- Rugelda. Yellow variety of wrinkled rose. The height of the shrub reaches almost two meters, and the width is a little more than a meter. Pale yellow flower petals bloom from reddish buds. The variety is resistant tomany diseases and exposure to harmful insects.
Creating comfortable growing conditions
Rosa rugosa, as this plant is also called, is considered photophilous. She prefers flat areas, well advised by sunlight and protected from drafts. When planting roses in the shade of trees, be prepared for less flowering.
The rose has no special requirements for soil. It is quite enough to use ordinary garden soil with good fertile properties. However, fertilizing should not be overly carried away.
Almost all varieties and hybrids of this plant have good resistance to frost, and also easily tolerate a short summer drought.
Features of planting and reproduction
Rose wrinkled (wild rose) propagated in garden conditions in three ways: seeds, cuttings and root shoots. The seed method of reproduction is used extremely rarely due to its laboriousness and splitting of the signs of the mother bush.
Therefore, cuttings and propagation by layering are considered the most preferred methods. These methods allow you to get an absolutely identical plant while maintaining the mother bush. It is about them that we will talk in more detail in the following sections.
Reproduction by root shoots
There are two ways to harvest root shoots. The first is to dig up a 30-centimeter layer in the spring and cut off the maternal root with a sharp shovel ondistance of about 20 centimeters.
The second method does not imply digging up the overgrowth - it is covered and covered with humus at least 30 centimeters thick, after which it is well spilled with water. On the hilled area, the formation of adventitious roots begins. A year later, next fall, the roots are separated from the mother bush so that 15 centimeters of the above-ground part remain.
Cutting
The easiest and most popular way to propagate wrinkled roses is cuttings. Harvesting of planting material begins in the middle of summer - at this moment, the growth of greenery slows down a little. Young green cuttings are cut with a sharp knife or secateurs from the mother bush so that each has at least three generative buds.
The bottom leaf is removed along with the petiole. For better rooting, the cuttings are kept in a solution of "Heteroauxin". 200-300 milligrams of the drug is consumed per liter of water. The cutting is immersed in the solution to a depth of no more than 3 centimeters and kept in it for a day.
Before transplanting, the soil is fertilized with a mixture of peat and humus, as well as superphosphate fertilizer and potassium s alt. The soil mixture should consist of three parts of coarse sand and one part of lowland peat. The planting depth of seedlings is 15 centimeters, and the distance between plantings should be at least one and a half meters. At the end of planting, water, loosen the soil and mulch. The ground part of the plant is cut off by a third.
Water and fertilize
In the first two years of growth, wrinkled roses need only water. Feeding begins only from the third year of cultivation.
Moderate and regular watering is necessary for the plant at each stage of growth. Each bush requires at least 10 liters of water. For the whole season, at least four water applications are carried out. In hot and dry weather, the frequency of watering increases.
In the spring, urea is applied to the soil at the rate of 20 grams per square meter. As soon as the rose begins to bear fruit, autumn dressings are added every 3 years. In autumn, organic and mineral fertilizers are applied. About 15 kilograms of compost or humus, 20 grams of potassium preparation and 50 grams of superphosphate are spent on each bush.
For 6-7 years of growth, the root system of a rose reaches a length of 2.5 meters, and therefore the plant is able to tolerate prolonged drought. If you do not want the bush to grow excessively due to the root system, the plant is fenced with iron sheets dug into the ground. In addition, the soil around the bush is constantly loosened and hilled.
Cutting
One of the most important steps in caring for a wrinkled rose is pruning. Despite the fact that this procedure is quite laborious, its benefits cannot be overestimated. After pruning, the plant not only improves growth, but also blooms much more magnificently and bears fruit more abundantly.
In the first two years after planting, the bush does not need pruning. However, starting from the third year of cultivation, a plant should be formed from 15-20branches. During pruning, all dried and damaged shoots, as well as root suckers, will be removed. All he althy branches are cut to a height of about 18-20 centimeters. This year, the plant should have no more than 5-6 well-developed shoots. When young shoots appear on stumps and when they reach a length of 70-75 centimeters, the tops begin to shorten by 1/5. This scheme contributes to increased fruiting and active development of side shoots.
The pruning procedure itself is carried out every spring. When pruning, weak, unproductive and dried branches are removed. 5-6 years after planting, the number of branches is strictly regulated - no more than 20 pieces on one bush.
Diseases and pests
This plant is highly resistant to various diseases and harmful insects. But if the basic rules for care are not followed, the wrinkled rose begins to weaken. With a lack of fertilizers, humidity and lighting, as well as with their excess, the plant's resistance to diseases decreases.
Mostly, the rose is exposed to fungal-type diseases. These include powdery mildew, rust and fusarium. And among the most dangerous harmful insects, spider mites, leafworms and sawflies can be noted. Therefore, in order to obtain a he althy plant that pleases with its appearance for a long time, it is very important to follow all recommendations for care. If diseases or pest attacks could not be avoided, treatment of the plant with insecticidal preparations such as Actellik, Karbofos and"Metation". And for preventive purposes, rose rugosa can be sprayed with a weak solution of kerosene.
