Despite the fact that there is a wide range of kitchen and heating equipment on the modern market, many owners of private houses cannot imagine their life without a stove. It will not be superfluous for the building even with autonomous heating. Owners of stoves can get rid of dampness in the house and save a lot in autumn and spring, when it is not yet time to turn on full-fledged heating. To maintain the optimal balance of humidity and heat, it is enough to heat the oven once every two days. For its construction, you can use the services of professionals. But it will cost the owner of the house quite expensive. For this reason, the question is very relevant, how to build a stove with your own hands? Judging by the reviews of experts, there is nothing complicated in this matter. A home craftsman will need consumables, special tools and theoretical knowledge. You will find information on how to build a brick stove with your own hands in this article.
About Species
If a decision is made to build a stove, experts recommend first of all to familiarize yourself with the typesvarious brick buildings. Thus, ovens are:
- Heating and cooking. They are equipped not only with a hob, but also with an oven, a niche for drying and a tank in which you can heat water. Judging by the reviews of the owners, heating and cooking stoves are ideal for heating one or two rooms. For those who do not know how to build a stove correctly, experienced craftsmen recommend building it into the wall, turning the hob and firebox into the kitchen, and the back wall into the living room. As a result, the oven will be used as a partition on which food can be cooked. The bedroom and living room will be supplied with dry heat from the wall.
- Heating. They are compact ovens designed exclusively for heating. Judging by the numerous reviews, you can build such a stove both in the country and in your own home.
- Cookers. In addition to cooking, they can also heat a room with a small area. With the necessary supply of firewood, you can not be afraid of cold and dampness. In the event of a gas or power outage on the cooking oven, it is easy to prepare hot tea and dinner.
Where to start?
Those who are going to build a stove with their own hands and do it for the first time, very often do not know what needs to be done first. As experts recommend, the first step is to decide on a place for the future structure. Before building a stove in a house, the master should think about such nuances as comfort and fire safety. It is important that the stove does not run into beams and slings in the attic floor with its smoker. To prevent the oven from cooling down quickly, it is notshould be located near the outer wall. The most ideal place would be the middle of a large room. Thus, the owner has the opportunity to divide the premises into two zones. With a decorative finish, the stove will also be used as a stylish interior decoration. Owners who decide to place the stove in a partition between rooms will have to think about insulation. For this purpose, it is best to use asbestos or special heat-resistant drywall sheets. In view of the fact that a foundation is required for such a structure as a furnace, the space allotted for it should be large.
Tools
Those who decide to build a stove with their own hands should get the following:
- With a pickaxe or an oven hammer. With the help of these devices it is convenient to remove the hardened mortar from the structure, to hew and split the brick.
- Wooden spatula. This product is rubbed and mixed with a solution of clay.
- Rule or flat board to level the surface.
- Level. This tool will ensure even laying of bricks horizontally and vertically.
- A whisk used to remove sand and hardened mortar from the surface.
- Pliers.
- Lead scriber.
- Rasp. With this tool, lumps are rubbed, sagging is removed from the already finished brickwork.
- Building corner.
- Plumb bob.
- Rubber hammer.
- Chisel.
- A few trowels and trowels.
- Sieve for screening sand.
You should also prepare a containerfor water and an iron sheet for stirring the solution.
Foundation for construction
Before you build a stove, you need to lay the foundation for the future building. The work is done in stages:
- First you need to dig a pit. Depth 45-50 cm.
- Sand is poured on the bottom and carefully compacted. The thickness of the layer is 8-10 cm. A layer of gravel is placed on top.
- Next, install the reinforcement grid and pour cement mortar. As part of the mixture of crushed stone, sand and cement in a ratio of 1:2:1. The pit is one-third full.
- Then the second layer is filled. The solution is represented by sand and cement (3:1). It should be filled in such a way that 5 cm remains to the top of the pit. A second grid with a cell size of 7x8 cm is also laid here.
- Pour the third last layer of cement mortar and align with the rule. The structure is covered with polyethylene film.
Concrete will freeze within 30 days. To make it stronger, experts recommend moistening it every day. At the end, the foundation is lined with strips of roofing material.
About consumable and solution
For those who are interested in how to build a stove in the house and what consumables are needed for this, experienced craftsmen recommend using ceramic and refractory (fireclay and refractory) bricks. It is undesirable to build a silicate furnace. The solution is best prepared on the basis of clay. If red brick is used, then red clay is needed. To prepare a solutionapply river sand and clay (2, 5: 1). The content is diluted with water. Ready-made mixtures are sold on the shelves of specialized stores. From the fittings, you should get grates, soot cleaners, valves, dampers, blower and furnace doors.
Main Stage
Having acquired the necessary tools and materials, beginners often ask how to build a stove so that it is as functional and safe to use as possible? It will be easier to build a furnace if you follow the following sequence of actions:
- First, you should mark the first oven row. Markup should start from the room wall horizontally.
- In the second row, the stove is mounted with a door through which ash will be removed. Additionally, the door is fixed with a wire, which is installed in the gaps between the bricks.
- Next, lay 4 more rows. The design is equipped with special supports for the grate.
- Then lay the grate and fix the doors.
- Next, the master needs to strengthen the structure of the chimney with metal plates.
- The structure is equipped with soot cleaners. They are attached with metal strips or wire.
- Leave room for the valve in the chimney. First, a frame is laid on the cement, the edges of which are pressed with bricks. According to experts, the chimney will warm up faster if it is one and a half bricks thick.
- In the roof, a hole is carefully cut out through which the chimney will be like. It is important to securely strengthen it with metal corners.
Experts recommend not to put the chimney near the roof ridges. It is better if it is 50 cm higher. Otherwise, the stove draft will be very weak.
How to build a stove in the bath? Home
It is important that the foundation of the "heater" from the foundation of the bath is located at a distance of 100 mm. To fill the gap between them, well-packed dry sand is used. If the building itself is made of combustible materials, the back wall of the furnace is sheathed with a 4 mm metal sheet. It would also be useful to use asbestos cardboard. The following solutions are suitable for the foundation:
- Lime. Prepared from slaked lime and sifted sand in a ratio of 1: 2.
- Cement. Made from cement and sand (1:2).
- Combined. The composition contains cement, lime and sand. The proportion is 1:6. Sand is added at your discretion.
The foundation is done as follows:
- In the place planned for the construction, it is necessary to dig a recess in the soil with a depth below its freezing level.
- Pour clean sand (15 cm) at the bottom, fill with water and tamp. Top with crushed stone or broken brick (20 cm)
- Surround the resulting pit with formwork, the walls of which should be 50 mm above the ground. A roofing material or waterproofing film is immediately laid.
- Equip the bottom of the pit with a reinforced frame. The volume of the metal bar is 1.2 cm, the cell size is 100 mm.
- Pour concrete mortar into the resulting structure. Next, the screed is carefully leveled using the rule. On top of the concretefilm is laid. It will be possible to prevent cracking and drying out if the foundation is moistened from time to time.
- Formwork is dismantled after 4 days. By this time, the concrete will harden. Bituminous mastic is applied along the edges of the screed.
- Put sheets of roofing material on top in two layers. It will act as a waterproofing agent.
About oven mortar
For beginners who do not know how to build a stove in a bath room themselves, experienced craftsmen do not recommend working with ordinary cement mortar. Otherwise, under the influence of high temperature, it will dry out and soon crumble. For the construction of a sauna stove, it is better to use freshly mined clay, clean water and well-sifted sand. Prepare the solution in a 5-liter bucket. Clay must be stirred in it to form a creamy consistency. If the clay begins to stick to the stick in a thick layer, then the mixture is very oily. Dilute it with sand. The solution can be considered ready if the thickness of the adhering layer does not exceed 0.2 cm.
About Design
For those who do not know how to build a stove in a bathhouse, experts advise you to follow the following recommendations. Laying of external furnace walls is possible from a simple solid red brick. It is undesirable to use silicate and hollow. First, the structure is assembled without the use of a solution - “dry”. At this stage, the design is being carried out. Start from the corner. The thickness of the vertical gaps should be in the range of 80-100 mm. After laying eachrow, it is checked by the level in the vertical and horizontal planes. If deviations are found, the series must be corrected. It is advisable to prepare several chipped pieces of brick. At the end of dry masonry, a place for a chimney is outlined in the ceiling with a plumb line. It is important that there are no cracks and gaps in the structure through which carbon monoxide will ooze. Then a diagram is drawn and the structure is carefully disassembled.
About masonry
According to experts, the thickness of the zero row or brick foundation should be on the same level with the bath floor. Laying is carried out with solid bricks. In the second row, the place for each new brick should be the junction of two from the previous one. The next rows are built in the same way. Before a mortar is applied to a brick, it is wetted. It is enough for the master to dip it in a container of water for a couple of seconds. Next, the brick is smeared with "clay glue". If the brick does not lie flat enough, then it is immediately trimmed until the mixture has hardened. You can take a new one only after the work with the previous one is completely finished. It is important to remove the remains of the mixture from the inside of the oven. Otherwise, they will peel off and clog the chimney.
This, in turn, will negatively affect the quality of traction. At this stage, the building is equipped with oven doors. To do this, they are wrapped around the perimeter with asbestos rope, which will act as a sealant and prevent the destruction of the furnace from heated metal. The place for the blower doors will be the first bottom row, which is equippedspecial fasteners. The bars are laid horizontally. It is desirable that they do not rest on bricks. Otherwise, the cast iron expanded from heat will destroy the masonry. Some craftsmen use sandwich pipes as a chimney. In order for the owner to have the ability to control draft, a damper should be installed in the chimney.
BBQ
Many owners of suburban areas are interested in how to build a stove on the street. Judging by the reviews, you can melt them in any weather. The most popular design is considered to be a brick barbecue stove. To build it, use a simple brickwork in the form of the letter "P". Due to the fact that the furnace itself is small in size, it can be built with a not very massive foundation. It is made of fireclay bricks and finished metal structures. First of all, the master needs to prepare a place in the yard. The stove must be on the leeward side, otherwise the smoke from it will enter the house. First, a reinforced foundation is made.
Then, with the help of "dry masonry", a project is created. Then the furnace is disassembled and a solution is prepared from clay, cement and river sand. The stove is being built with ordinary masonry. Bricks are knitted with nails or wire.
How to build a Russian stove?
Depending on the dimensions, these stoves are of three types:
- Large 231x160 cm.
- Medium 213x147 cm.
- Small 178x124 cm.
Judging by the reviews, mostly Russianfurnaces are made 1420 mm wide, 2130 mm long and 1800 mm high. How to build a brick oven? This question is often asked by beginners, since the laying of the structure has its own characteristics. In other words, just like an ordinary wall, a Russian stove cannot be built. This is due to the fact that each row differs in its masonry from the previous one. To create the first, whole bricks are used. Broken pieces or stones are inserted into the space between them. The second row is laid out in such a way that two brick walls are obtained. A place is left for a blower and 2-4 windows-wells necessary for cleaning the stove. A blower for a small firebox begins to be installed on the third row. If at this stage it is not possible to mount it, then you just need to leave an opening. A place for large furnace doors is allotted on the fourth row. It is important that they and the entire oven are in the same plane. To attach a brick partition to the posts, a locking method is used.
The passage of hot gases from the first compartment to the second is carried out through special three holes in the partition. Their diameter is 120x210 mm. To install a grate, a large firebox must be made with a narrowed vault. Lattices should be with brick overlap. The fuel will roll onto the grate on its own and burn out quickly if the front and rear bricks in a small firebox are slightly hewn. The heating of the stove will be uniform with an increased horizontal passage between the firebox and the partition. The partition and the horizontal channel are closed by the bottom,the height of which is 90 cm. Then a cast-iron plate is laid on the mortar, on the side and front sides of which the craftsmen apply faience. The 13-14th rows must be carefully strengthened by bandaging the seams. At this stage, wire with nails or 150 mm steel strips with threaded shanks are used. On the 15th row, the bunch is done again. To do this, bricks should be equipped with special "nests" into which nails will be inserted. A valve is installed above the chimney. Laying should be done up to the ceiling. The smoke will come out through two mounted pipes. As a cladding, they are equipped with fireproof materials.
