The most important elements of equipping independent water supply systems for private houses and cottages, which are serviced by underground wells or water sources of considerable depth, are well pumps. Submersible downhole pumps provide not only liquid pumping, but also its further transportation through the pipeline.
Pumps that are capable of pumping water from great depths exceeding 90 meters are used as equipment for industrial underground wells, as well as for stations that feed two or more objects or houses at once.
The market offers the buyer a wide selection of foreign and domestic devices that differ in their cost, characteristics and purpose.
When choosing a pump, you should make a small calculation of the main parameters, as well as read reviews about manufacturers.
Given the aboverecommendations, you can purchase the most suitable device or system.
Types of submersible borehole pumps
For a well with a depth of 10 meters or more, a submersible (deep) pump must be installed. The use of such equipment allows pumping water from a depth of up to 150 meters. The big advantage of using such pumps is the low noise level during operation.
There are the following types of pumps:
1. Submersible centrifugal borehole pump.
2. Auger.
3. Screw.
4. Rod.
The first kind is the most popular. The centrifugal pump can be used in any season of the year and at any ambient temperature. The principle of operation is based on the action of centrifugal force: the pressure of the incoming water turns the blades, while the water is moved. Next, a pressure is created, which pushes the liquid into the line. At the same time, a rarefaction of air is created in the center of the working chamber. This factor contributes to the absorption of a new stream of water into it.
The big advantage of this type of installations is their high productivity, constant good pressure of pumped water, as well as versatility of use. Such pumps can be used in various fields of activity.
Auger-type installations (for example, the Aquarius submersible borehole pump) are special-purpose devices. The working body of the device is a screw. It provides pumping of water, as well as its further movement through the pipeline. usesuch installations are mainly for pumping heavily polluted water.
When choosing an auger-type pump for a well, it should be remembered that the diameter of its body must be less than the cross section of the casing pipe. If this requirement is not met, there is a possibility of frequent clogging and breakdown of the installation.
Submersible well pumps (deep well screw type) have a number of advantages, the main of which is the ability to pump even a small amount of liquid with good pressure. The pumping of water by such equipment is carried out by rotating the working impeller, which is equipped with many dense blades.
Before buying a screw pump, you should analyze the composition of the water, because the screw-type device is very sensitive to various impurities and contaminants.
Pumps are also popular. The main working body of the design of such devices are a fixed cylinder and a plunger. Making translational movements in the inner part of the cylinder upwards, the plunger "draws" water, and descending, it delivers it to the pressure line. To actuate the mechanism, a "rocking chair" is used, which is attached with rods.
Downhole rod pumps are large in size. The main scope of their application is the oil producing and oil refining industries. They are practically not used in everyday life.
Working principle and features
Modern instrumentation produces a variety ofdesign, purpose and principle of operation of deep well pumps. When choosing, you should be guided by operating conditions, terrain characteristics and other parameters.
The pump housing is completely submerged under the thickness of the pumped water, and it is connected to the surface and lines by an electrical conductor that ensures the operation of the electric motor, and a pipeline through which water is transported.
Included as standard on most pump models:
• electric motor that drives the unit;
• Built-in trap filter to keep dirt out of your device.
Water is injected through the discharge pipe, which is located in the upper or lower part of the body. In the first case, the pump qualitatively filters the pumped water from various contaminants and solid inclusions.
The main components of a borehole pump are:
• electric motor (built-in or external);
• pump part.
If the borehole pump is equipped with the first electric motor, its housing must be absolutely sealed and must not allow liquid to enter the working units.
Specifications
UNIPUMP submersible borehole pumps are designed for domestic use and are used to supply only clean water without s alt impurities from various reservoirs, with a diameter of at least 8.5 cm. They are used to supply waterindividual houses, irrigation of plots, accumulation of liquid in small and medium-sized storage tanks.
Main specifications:
- powered by mains - ~220/230 V, 50 Hz;
- working temperature of pumped water - 0 … +35 °С;
- water acidity - 6, 5 … 8, 5;
- ambient temperature - 0 … +40 °С;
- the minimum required depth of immersion under the water column is 0.5 m;
- permissible amount of impurities and contaminants in the pumped water - no more than 100 g/m³, without large inclusions;
- maximum size of impurities and inclusions - 1 mm;
- power consumption: 370W;
- submersion depth (permissible) - 15 m;
- max capacity: 33.3 l/min;
- maximum head: 73 m;
- discharge hole diameter: 1";
- power cable length: 15 m.
Advantages and disadvantages of using submersible pumps
Among the benefits of using submersible centrifugal well pumps installed in a reservoir, it should be noted:
• Greater efficiency and productivity in pumping water;
• compact;
• the possibility of forming a good pressure;
• ease of installation;
• ease of operation;
• ease of maintenance;
• high reliability;
• long service life.
Disadvantages include:
• impossibilityrepair of some models due to the monolithic body;
• difficulty in pumping contaminated water (or water from the bottom of a well or well).
How to choose the right pump
When choosing a submersible well pump, consider:
1. The pressure of the water column. This parameter is determined by calculation. The quality of pressure at all water intake points depends on its value.
2. Feed performance. It is measured by the number of liters of water supplied per hour. It depends on it whether there will be enough pumped water to meet the needs of all water intake points.
3. The need for additional equipment. They ensure the operation of the unit in an independent mode, and also protect it from breakdowns due to emergency situations.
4. Manufacturer and trade mark. When choosing a device for this parameter, you should take into account the reputation of the manufacturer of submersible well pumps, reviews, as well as the guarantees that it provides.
5. Price. Manufacturers may inflate the cost because of the world name. You should pay attention to the domestic manufacturer, because in terms of quality it is not inferior to foreign ones. Also, additional functions can be installed in the fixture, which are not necessary, but certainly affect pricing. First of all, you should pay attention to the build quality and components, and then to the cost.
Calculation of the water pressure supplied by the pump
The water pressure provided by the submersible borehole pump,determined by calculation. To do this, it is worth considering the hydraulic resistance of the entire pipeline system. The calculation formula is as follows:
H=(A + 6)x1, 15 + B + L/10, where:
H - the desired pressure;
A - the maximum allowable height to which it is required to provide water supply through the pipeline;
B - the depth of the serviced reservoir (measured from the top to the level of the water table);
L is the distance that water is transported through the pipeline in a horizontal direction.
Having received the calculated parameter, you can proceed to the selection of the pump.
Important! When choosing a pump, add another 10% to the calculated head.
The additional power reserve will avoid critical situations and protect the pump from breakdowns that occur due to seasonal pressure drops. Do not buy a device with a very large power reserve - it will not be economically feasible.
How to choose a pump for performance
Submersible borehole pumps must not only provide a given pressure of water in the pipeline, but also supply it in a certain amount per unit of time. To determine the required amount of water, you should determine the total consumption of the liquid that is consumed from one system, and multiply the resulting value by the number of people living in the house.
In addition, you should add the cost of watering, the operation of household appliances, etc.
Having determined the estimated performance, selectmodel with the best performance.
When selecting a deep pump, you should purchase additional technical devices that will ensure the efficiency of its operation and protect it from the negative effects of emergency situations. These devices include:
• water level sensor in the pond;
• pressure sensor;
• water flow rate sensor;
• check valve.
The use of the above devices allows for automatic operation of the deep pump.
Which is better: pump or station?
To lift and further move along the liquid line from a deep water body, not only reduced pumps are used, but also entire pumping stations, which consist of a set of technical devices.
The composition of the pumping station, in addition to the borehole submersible pump for water, includes a storage tank - a hydraulic accumulator. Water that is pumped out of a well or a well is first accumulated in this tank and only then distributed through the pipeline system.
In comparison between a pumping station and a submersible pump, the former has a higher performance. In addition, it differs in significant dimensions. These parameters should also be taken into account when buying and choosing a place for its installation. In addition, equipping the station is much more expensive than purchasing a submersible pump.
In any case, when choosing equipment for equipping the water supply system of a private house, one should take into account the parametersthe reservoir from which water is to be pumped, as well as its required amount for water supply needs, flow parameters, etc.
Modern pumps and reviews about them
The following settings are recognized as popular among users:
- Submersible borehole pump Grundfos. The Danish device is of high quality, has high performance. Some models are capable of pumping up to 9 tons of water per hour, while the pressure is 50 meters. Warranty period of operation - 10 years. Automatic control protects the system from dry running and ensures a smooth start. The delivery set includes: a deep pump, a hydraulic accumulator, an automation unit, shut-off and control valves. The disadvantages are: the high cost of Grundfos (about 50,000 rubles), the small volume of the accumulator (8-10 liters), expensive repairs.
- Vortex borehole pump SPRUT. Designed to supply clean water from wells, cisterns and wells. Suitable for domestic water supply. Users note that the pump is powerful enough, works on an artesian well and creates a pressure of up to 70 meters. The body is made of brass, as is the impeller. All working units are made of high quality materials, and therefore, they are durable. Among the shortcomings, a low degree of protection and a small cleaning ability stand out.
- Centrifugal multistage borehole pump "PUMPS+". This device is designed to pump only clean water (without blockages) from wells with a diameter of at least 9 cm and wells. Finesuitable for use in homestead water supply systems, garden watering, irrigation systems and pressurization systems using pressure maintenance systems. The pump is designed for continuous operation and can withstand heavy loads.
Manufacturer Reviews
Users have identified the most reliable manufacturers and their appliances. Among them:
1. Submersible borehole pump Unipump eco. The household appliance is capable of supplying water from a well from great depths. It is also possible to install these pumps in the water supply system. Among the advantages: a reliable housing and engine, powerful impellers (made of reinforced plastic). The "floating" operation of such wheels can extend the life of the mechanism. The pump is also dirt resistant. A thermal relay and a starting capacitor are additionally mounted in the pump housing. The disadvantage is the high cost. Users also note that the pump cannot be installed on a well with a diameter of less than 110 mm.
2. Submersible borehole pump ETsV. This device is suspended in the well on a special installation, which consists of columns of water pipes and descends into the water. Each stage of this ETsV pump consists of an impeller, a vane outlet and a reservoir. Water enters through the base body onto a plastic (or bronze) impeller. The ETsV bearing unit is lubricated with pumped water. Among the positive characteristics: convenient use, relatively quiet operation. Users also note that the pump is able to withstand pressure even during short-termstops. Among the disadvantages: high cost, rapid wear of plastic parts and "fear" of dry running.
3. Submersible borehole pump Patriot. Users note the following positive characteristics: the device is installed at a great depth (up to 30 m) and provides a pressure of up to 100 m. The pump consumes only 500 W and filters impurities up to 2 mm in size. "Patriot" has a normal capacity - up to 2 m3 per hour. The disadvantages are instability to pollution and high temperature of the supplied water.
By determining the criteria necessary for the consumer, as well as reading user reviews, you can choose the best installation.
