Construction based on the principles of frame-modular assembly has long established itself in the Russian market. And if in the early years, back in the 1990s, the technique was not only far from perfection, but even from classical analogous methods, today the situation is completely different. In many ways, SIP panels helped to raise its level. Canadian technology for building houses using this material allows you to build durable, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly structures. However, it also cannot do without flaws, but first things first.
Features of SIP panels
This material formed the basis of modern frame construction as a practical structural element manufactured in the factory. Of course, prefabricated houses on a lightweight basis are being built not only on SIP components, but this technology is most widely used.
The fundamental feature of SIP panels is the combination of traditional wood materials with a heat insulator, as well as innovative synthetic additives. The same load-bearing capacity is affected by OSB-plates, enclosing the functional core on both sides, as the construction of houses from SIP-panels implies. Production involves careful gluing under pressure of oriented strand boards and expanded polystyrene, which is used as an insulator. However, to obtain a truly high-quality result already at the installation stage, it is important to consider the technique of pairing the panels with each other. For this, both massive structural elements like a bar and ordinary hardware can be used. The most modern is the technology of the so-called frameless installation - by means of splines and thermal inserts, which practically do not deform the design of the panels, but at the same time create reliable couplings.
Preparation for work
Frame houses do not require much space for the production of work activities. At least initially, you will need a platform for the foundation base, a place for storing building materials and special equipment with additional equipment. The area is cleared and leveled, after which land operations are carried out. They are often performed separately from the direct construction of the house kit. As for the type of foundation, pile screw is more often used. It is available for construction without special costs and large-scale concreting. Next, an audit of the material with a tool and consumables is carried out, after which you can proceed tomain work. Below is a step-by-step construction of a house from SIP panels using the classic Canadian assembly technology.
Installation of rims
When the grillage is installed on the foundation, you can start the so-called zero level of the frame. The first layer of overlap will be laid on it in the future. The bearing base of the crowns is mounted using a bar with a size of 150x50 mm. Direct fastening is carried out with a dowel or anchor bolt. The choice of a specific fixation method depends on the type of grillage, but it is desirable that the base allows the introduction of long hardware. Between themselves, the strips and the timber are connected with self-tapping screws. It is important to emphasize that the phased technology for building a house from SIP panels at almost every level of the frame structure provides for the installation of insulators. At this stage, you can get by with film waterproofing or a layer of bituminous mastic, which will separate the grillage with the foundation from the crowns.
Assembly of floor panels
This is the operation of laying out or stitching the rough base of the future flooring. Assembly can also be carried out using ordinary beams, followed by laying logs and boards, or using the same SIP panels, but in this case the technology becomes more complicated. So, in the first option, installation will be required along the previously laid crowns of the load-bearing beams - they can be placed across or along, but the main thing is to maintain a step sufficient to hold the load. Further, on the resulting crate, sheathing is made with small lags and a board. All fasteners are made either with self-tapping screws or mounting brackets with metal clamps. For a frame house, there are still no special requirements for power supply.
As for the installation of SIP panels on the first floor level, the technology for building houses of this type requires the master to delicately integrate bars of the appropriate format into the side openings of the slabs. That is, between the two layers of OSB, logs are started, which are fixed at the edges to the crowns and hold the plates. Of course, in this case, it cannot do without a safety net, and a perpendicular counter-lattice is carried out through the sample in the bars to give greater reliability. What justifies the advantage of using SIP boards as the basis of the floor? The material makes it possible to provide sufficient heat and sound insulation in the critical node connecting the foundation and the subfloor.
Wall frame assembly
Walls are mounted on the finished lower trim, assembled from the board. Actually, the board will become a permanent intermediate element of the joint, through which the SIP panels will be connected to each other. As a consumable for fixing, a combination of self-tapping screws of a suitable format and mounting foam should be used. First, a structure made of boards is exposed according to the type of door frame. It is treated with mounting foam from the back, and then SIP panels are installed. The technology of building houses from a combined multilayer slab may seem to be losing precisely because of delamination and deformation.material in the walls, but the correct layout of the prefabricated board completely eliminates such processes. It is especially important to carefully consider the design of corner joints for greater confidence in the structure and in case of shrinkage with shifts.
Top strapping and overlapping device
After the installation of SIP panels in the wall frame is completed, they proceed to its upper reinforcement. But before that, it is necessary to check the correctness of the geometric position of the plates. It is advisable to evaluate the verticality of the structure with an electronic level and, if necessary, correct it until the closing installation operations have been completed. Further, the technology for building houses from SIP panels provides for the installation of timber along the upper edges of the walls. Also, bars of the appropriate thickness are first laid on the mounting foam, and then self-tapping screws are used. An attic floor is installed on the prepared base. It is not enough to fix it with mounting foam - large-format anchor joints and metal clamps are used for reliable fixation.
Roof installation
The truss system and the attic are formed by ready-made sets of SIP panels with beams for the load-bearing parts of the roofs. According to the same principles, panels with gable cutouts and skylights are installed on the ceiling with strapping, and the system of beams and Mauerlats forms the supporting part. They will take over the crate along which the roofing will be laid. In addition, the instructions for building a house from SIP panels allow the formation of slopes from the same chipboards withheat insulator. It is necessary to use narrow panels for such purposes. They are glued together with waterproof compounds with layers in the form of small-format boards. After completion of the operation, internal and external waterproofing and laying of mastic on top of the coating are performed.
Recommendations from experts in the course of work
There are several common mistakes that inexperienced builders make out of ignorance of technology. Here are a few tips to help prevent some of these miscalculations:
- Do not abuse oblique and vertical columns and supports indoors. As practice shows, partitions also cope with the calculated loads of standard house kits.
- When attaching to mounting foam, it is important to tightly pass the entire working area, which will positively affect the overall quality of building a house from sip panels. Do-it-yourself mixtures are laid using guns for squeezing out viscous solutions - these can be pneumatic, compressor or electric models.
- If the necessary openings were not provided at the factory, they should be made before the installation of the panels, but not after.
- Do not overload the structure with metal load-bearing inserts and beams. This is especially true for truss systems.
Pluses of SIP panels
Among the most pronounced advantages of this building material are the following:
- Heat saving. About 1.5 times frame houses on SIP panelswarmer than brick, gas silicate and wooden buildings.
- High construction speed. At a professional level, the technology for building houses from SIP panels is implemented in 1-2 weeks.
- Space saving. Thin walls allow you to save up to 30% of the space compared to the same brick houses.
- Ease of construction. Almost no professional equipment is required.
- Sustainable material.
- Affordable and aesthetic.
Disadvantages of SIP panels
It is not yet possible to combine all the best qualities in one building material, so you will have to prepare for the following weaknesses of the technology in question:
- Flammability. The presence of adhesives increases the requirements for fire safety.
- Biological processes of destruction.
- Low circulation. Sufficiently effective thermal insulation and high tightness minimize the ventilation capacity of SIP panels for building houses. Reviews note that it is necessary to equip special air ventilation channels for each room with a connection to the central shaft or directly outside.
- Local strength. The design accepts pressure at the nodal joints, but is not calculated for continuous compressive and tensile loads.
Conclusion
Frame houses gradually moved from the category of temporary and outbuildings to full-fledged long-term dwellings. Despitefor all the cons, such facilities are successfully operated in many regions of the country, providing the proper level of security and comfort. One of the key factors in choosing this technology is the low price. On average, the construction of houses from turnkey SIP panels is estimated at 10-12 thousand rubles. for 1 sq.m. Although prefabricated slabs have been the most expensive item in the estimate for many years, these figures are not much higher than the prices for the construction of other frame buildings. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the even texture of the internal surfaces allows you to save on work activities when performing finishing work after construction.
