During the construction of a country house, almost all craftsmen think not only about which brick to choose, as well as the design of the load-bearing wall, but also about how to calculate the thickness of a brick wall in order to correctly calculate the consumption of materials intended for construction of a dwelling. This is what this article will be about.
General information
Before calculating the thickness of the wall, you should pay attention to the fact that depending on which brick you prefer, hollow or solid, the width will be different. That is why the calculation of the brick required for construction can vary greatly. So, a solid brick has high strength, but in terms of thermal insulation properties it is inferior to many building materials.
When calculating the thickness of the walls of a house under construction, it should be taken into account that, for example, at an outside air temperature of -30 ° C, the solid brick building structures are laid out in 64 centimeters (approximately 2.5 bricks). For thisair temperature, the thickness of the wall of wooden beams is 16-18 centimeters.
That is why to reduce the total consumption of material, reduce the load on the foundation and to reduce the mass of the structure, a hollow (perforated or slotted) brick is often used, or a solid one, but with voids. In addition, they use different heat-insulating materials, plasters, backfills.
What else do you need to know when calculating wall thickness? It has already been mentioned above that laying solid bricks will not be economically feasible. For example, for a three-room dwelling with a wall thickness of 64 centimeters, about 25 thousand pieces of bricks will be needed, the total weight of which is 80-100 tons. Of course, this will only be an approximate example of calculating the thickness of the wall, but the figure, expressed in tons, staggers many.
And this applies only to the outer walls. And if we take into account the volume that is necessary for internal partitions, then the building will actually turn into a brick warehouse with a very cumbersome foundation.
What to look out for?
Before calculating how thick a brick wall should be, it is also important to consider that such structures have a very considerable thermal inertia. Thus, sufficient time is needed for them to warm up well and then cool down. The thicker the wall, the more time it will take to warm up. The air temperature in the room changes little during the day. For this reason, for a brick house that wasbuilt from a full-fledged brick, you will need to correctly calculate not only how thick the walls should be, but also the material for the heating system.
This is a huge plus of a brick wall. But the thermal inertia is not always favorable for those dachas that have the opportunity to be operated seasonally. Heavily frozen walls in such residential premises will warm up for a long time. In addition, sudden changes in air temperature often provoke the formation of condensate in the building. For this reason, as a rule, such houses are sheathed with additional boards.
So, let's move on to the question of what is the formula for calculating the thickness of the walls, depending on the type of brick. It is not difficult to make a calculation, because there is a special table for this, where, depending on the specific type of brick, wall structures, as well as air temperature, the corresponding thickness of the house structure is calculated. The thickness of the brick wall according to GOST is also determined - 51 cm.
Different brick structures and their thickness will be described later.
Silicate, clay and solid bricks
As you know, there are many different masonry walls. Consider separately the calculation of the wall thickness for each of them.
With internal plaster
In the case of continuous masonry with internal plaster, the thickness will be as follows:
- for temperature +4°С - wall thickness 30 cm;
- for temperature -5°C - wall thickness 25 cm;
- for temperature -10°C - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperature -20°C - wall thickness 51 cm;
- for temperature -30°C - wall thickness 64 cm.
With air space
Optimal thickness of a brick wall with an air gap:
- for temperatures from -20°С to -30°С - wall thickness 42 cm;
- for temperatures from -30°С to -40°С - wall thickness 55 cm;
- for temperatures from -40°С to -50°С - wall thickness 68 cm.
With external and internal insulation
Solid masonry with external slab insulation, the thickness of which is 5 centimeters, and there is also internal plaster:
- for temperatures from -20°С to -30°С - wall thickness 25 cm;
- for temperatures from -30°С to -40°С - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperatures from -40°С to -50°С - wall thickness 51 cm.
The thickness of the outer wall of bricks with solid masonry with internal insulation using thermal insulation boards, having a thickness of about 10 centimeters:
- for temperatures from -20°С to -25°С - wall thickness 25 cm;
- for temperatures from -30°С to -35°С - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperatures from -40°C to -50°C - wall thickness 51 cm.
Well masonry
Manhole masonry with mineral backfill, bulk density - 1400 kg/m3 and with internal plaster:
- for temperatures from -10°С to -20°С - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperatures from -25°С to -35°С - wall thickness 51 cm;
- for temperatures from -35°С to -50°С - wall thickness 64 cm.
Clay Hollow Brick
And now consider the standard wall thickness of hollow clay bricks:
- Masonry with external and internal plaster, with an air gap of about 5 centimeters. At air temperature from -15°С to -25°С - wall thickness 29 cm, at air temperature from -25°С to -35°С - wall thickness 42 cm, at air temperature from -40°С to -50° C - wall thickness 55 cm.
- Solid masonry with internal plaster. At an air temperature of about -10°С - the thickness of the walls is 25 cm, at an air temperature of about -20°С - the thickness of the walls is 38 cm, at an air temperature of about -35°С - the thickness of the walls is 51 cm.
In centimeters, the thickness of the walls is indicated, taking into account vertical seams 1 centimeter wide. In addition, horizontal seams are also made 1 centimeter thick if clay and lime were added to the solution. If there were no additives, then the thickness of the horizontal seams should be 1.2 centimeters. The largest thickness of the seams is 1.5 centimeters, and the smallest is 0.8 centimeters.
In the case of brick walls, cement-lime, cement-clay, cement-sand mortar is often used. At the same time, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the latter is very hard, so clay and lime-based dough is added to it.
This lime dough is prepared by quenching pieces of lime with water in a special creative pit. Then the mixture is left for 15 days. Clay dough is prepared by soaking pieces of clay for 3-5 days in water.
After soaking, the mixture mixes well with water, andthen it is filtered. All remaining water is then drained off. The resulting dough can be stored for a long time. A mortar intended for brickwork is prepared before the start of the work itself.
For facade cladding, facing ceramic bricks are considered the best.
How thick are the walls in the house?
Brick walls have a number of advantages over other building materials, such as high strength and low thermal conductivity. But all qualities can be "lost" if the wall has a thickness that is not optimal for specific conditions.
Wall thickness is an important indicator that affects not only the quality factor of the entire building structure, but also consumer characteristics, that is, functionality, the degree of noise, heat, and vibration insulation.
Revealing the thickness of a brick wall is easy. According to the standard, all walls have a thickness that is a multiple of half the length of the brick - 12 centimeters. The names depend on the same parameter. The following terms are used:
- half a brick;
- one and a half bricks;
- in one brick.
A half-brick wall is about 12 centimeters thick, a one-brick wall is 25 centimeters, a half-brick wall is 38 centimeters, and a 2-brick wall is 51 centimeters thick. A slight discrepancy between the numbers and those that are multiples of 12 - 24, 36 and 48 is explained by the fact that concrete can be located between two layers of brick. External walls and load-bearing walls of the building are made of 1.5 bricks or more. All partitions are carried out in half or in a quarterbricks.
Construction of brick walls in 1 brick is economically beneficial. But not in every place such walls are allowed to be built, because there is a sharp seasonal temperature drop. In this case, additional facade masonry is used with a heat-insulating layer.
Thickness calculation
All calculated manipulations of the thickness of a brick wall are made depending on the size of a simple red brick:
- brick width 120 millimeters;
- brick length 250 millimeters;
- brick thickness 65 millimeters.
A simple red brick has a weight of about 3.2 kilograms. Thus, 1 cubic meter of it approximately weighs 1800 kilograms. During the calculation, the climatic features of the area are also taken into account. If in winter the air temperature reaches -25 degrees below zero, then in this case the width of the outer walls should be 51 or 64 centimeters. But if an insulating outer material is used, then it is allowed to make a wall, the thickness of which is 25 centimeters.
If you know this feature of this building material, you can easily calculate the material consumption for building a house.
Example
Consider the example of building a house in an area where severe frosts are observed in winter. The walls in this case will be built without any insulation layer. The thickness of the wall should be about 51 centimeters. This suggests that the laying should be carried out in 2 bricks.
Knowing the parameters of the wall, that is, the height and length of all walls, it is possible to find out their area. For example, two walls will be 5 meters long, and two more walls will be 3 meters long. The height of the walls is 3 meters, then:
5x3+5x3+3x3+3x3=48 square meters.
Next, find the area of only one brick. The masonry is carried out in 2 bricks (51 centimeters), as mentioned earlier, so the area of \u200b\u200bthe brick is found by the following formula: width times height, that is:
0.12x0.065=0.0078 square meters.
Now, after these calculations, you can find the number of bricks for building walls: the total area divided by the area of the brick and multiplied by 2. As a result of this, we get the following calculation:
48/0, 0078x2=12307 pieces of bricks.
This number is multiplied by the weight of the brick, resulting in the weight of all the walls in the house:
12307x302=39390 kilograms.
Knowing that 1 cubic meter of bricks weighs about 1800 kilograms, it will be easy to calculate the required amount of material:
39390/1800=22 cubic meters.
If you know the price of 1 cubic meter of bricks, you can easily calculate the total cost of building such a wall. This will help save on the purchase of excess material.
