Over time, the owners of private houses may feel the need to attach a veranda or terrace to the house. This work can be done on your own. It is necessary to consider in detail the technology of building an extension to the house. You should also choose the right type. The features of creating an extension to a private house or cottage will be discussed further.
Recommendations from experts
You can create a variety of functional extensions to the house. Almost anyone can build such structures with their own hands. To do this, you need to find out what requirements are put forward for such buildings. It is important to comply with the regulatory requirements of the standards during construction. Otherwise, the operation of such a design will be unsafe.
Previously, a rather rigid rule was applied, which stated that the materials of the annex and the house must be identical. Today, there are many new technologies that allow you to choose forerection of an additional structure different materials. The brick building, which was erected near a wooden house, will fit perfectly into the general style. It is important to choose the right type of foundation. The durability of the building will depend on this.
Specialists strongly recommend creating a plan before starting construction work. This will allow you to purchase the required amount of materials. At the same time, it is worth considering that the extension will need to be legalized. This also requires a plan for the future structure. The plan indicates the dimensions, configuration and materials from which the extension will be created.
If the structure is of considerable weight, it will need to create a full-fledged foundation. In some cases, an open canopy is created. In this case, the foundation will be easier. It will require fewer materials to craft.
Addition to the house can also perform different functions. It depends on which design should be chosen in a particular case. You will need to take into account all the nuances.
Varieties
There are different types of extensions to the house. They can be additional living quarters. Here heating is carried out, insulation of the structure is created. In this case, it will be necessary to build as if another house. People will be able to fully live here.
Special requirements are put forward for the construction of residential premises. Dampness should not accumulate here. Otherwise, fungus will appear. Also, the materials must be durable, with low ratesthermal conductivity. Additional living space must be adequately protected from the adverse effects of the external environment. There should be no drafts here. Such functions may well be performed by a veranda attached to the house. This is a sealed design.
Another option for an extension could be a kitchen or a bathroom. Water and sewer communications are brought here before the start of construction. It is also a well-insulated room. It can be operated at any time of the year.
You can create terraces attached to the house. Such designs have an open design. They can be quite spacious. There is a place to relax here. If such a building is closed, it will be called a veranda. This design can be just a vestibule between the street and the main room.
You can also attach a garage to the house. This room may not be insulated. However, higher requirements are put forward for its foundation. The foundation here must be very strong. You can also create various outbuildings. They can be built from different materials.
Materials
Today, almost any modern building materials are used to create extensions for various purposes. You can use the same options as for the construction of the main building. The materials may also differ. An extension to a wooden house can be made of timber, boards, chipboard and other similar materials. Polycarbonate is also used. However, it is worth considering that natural wood can shrink. Therefore, the design is notfixed firmly to the main house.
Extensions made of brick or foam blocks are popular. They look more harmonious next to the house of the same material. Brick is rarely used to create extensions. This is quite expensive and heavy material.
Cinder blocks and various porous materials today are more popular than bricks. They are lighter, easier to handle and install. In this case, the walls can be built in two blocks. This reduces the consumption of materials. Aerated concrete is especially in demand today. It has a small weight. Thanks to this feature, you can significantly reduce the cost of building a foundation.
You can attach a garage or an outbuilding to the house using frame technology. In this case, the structure is first assembled from wooden or metal rails. OSB sheets are installed on them. A layer of insulation (mineral wool) is inserted between them. This is a very strong yet lightweight construction.
Foundation
Even a shed attached to a house needs the right foundation. When arranging a garage or a brick structure, you will need to make a powerful, solid foundation. It is important to choose the right type of foundation.
The old and new structure will need to be properly docked. Otherwise, deformation and partial destruction of the foundation of the house may occur. Cracks will appear on the facade. The weight of the main building and the new extension can vary significantly. At the same time, the new design may eventuallygive a shrink. This will negatively affect the condition of the foundation.
Docking the old and new base will be required with the help of fittings. First, the junction is cleaned qualitatively. To do this, you need to dig it out. The surface of the foundation of the house is thoroughly cleaned of the earth. It is washed off with water under pressure. You also need to remove a layer of old waterproofing.
When figuring out how to attach a veranda to a house, you need to pay great attention to creating a junction of two foundations. For this, reinforcement is used. She is driven into the old foundation. To do this, with the help of a drill, holes are made to a depth of 20 cm. Their diameter must be greater than the cross section of the reinforcement. Cement is poured into the holes. Fittings are installed in it. Fixation in this case will be rigid. It is necessary to deepen the new foundation at the level with the old foundation or higher.
Strip foundation
An extension to a brick house is most often settled on a strip foundation. This is a strong, durable foundation. It is suitable for large or heavy structures. This type of foundation is used most often. It is quite possible to equip it with your own hands.
First, an extension project is created. It needs to be legalized. Then you can start construction work. In accordance with the created and approved plan, it is necessary to mark the site. According to the created contour, you will need to dig a trench. Its depth should be selected in accordance with the level of soil freezing and the old foundation.
The width of the trench corresponds to the thickness of the walls. To this valueadd another 15 cm. Having dug a trench, you need to clear the old foundation. Armature is driven into it. The bottom of the trench is qualitatively rammed and covered with sand. From above you need to fill up a layer of rubble. These layers are also rammed and leveled. A layer of waterproofing is laid on top. It should be larger than the trench by 50 cm. This material will also cover the part of the foundation that will be above the ground.
The reinforcement structure must be laid at the bottom of the trench. It should be made in the form of longitudinal and transverse rods, which are fastened with wire or welding. Next, a 5 cm trench is poured with a layer of cement with crushed stone. This material must dry. After that, another layer is poured. It should take up half of the remaining recess height.
This method of creating a foundation is used if a garage attached to the house will be equipped. This design may differ in small dimensions. Also, the material from which the garage is built is most often quite light. However, due to the weight of the vehicle that will be built, a strong strip base must be made.
Completion of the strip foundation
A garage attached to a house, an outbuilding or a residential building most often involves the formation of a strip foundation. When a pillow of sand, gravel and a rough layer of concrete has been created, you can proceed with the installation of the formwork. It should be 40 cm above the ground.
Its space is covered with waterproofing. The roofing material must extend beyond the formwork. It must be firmly fixed on the sides of the formwork. OtherwiseIn this case, the material will slide down when pouring.
Having prepared a sufficient amount of cement mortar, it is poured into the prepared formwork. It is necessary to evenly distribute the material. There should be no pockets of air left in the cement. The surface of the cement is qualitatively leveled. It is covered with foil. Moisten the concrete surface periodically. This is necessary in order for the material to properly gain strength. Otherwise, it may crack.
A month later, the formwork is removed. The top of the foundation is covered with two layers of roofing material. Inside, the strip foundation is equipped in different ways. The veranda attached to the house may have a flooring of logs and boards. The garage often needs a screed floor.
Pillar Foundation
A canopy attached to the house, as well as an open wooden porch, can be created on a columnar foundation. If a bathroom or kitchen will be equipped, this base option is not suitable. In this case, communications will require the arrangement of high-quality thermal insulation around them. This may result in additional costs.
When creating a columnar foundation, equip the floor from wooden logs and boards. In this case, a plan is also created. In accordance with it, you need to perform markup. Columns will be equipped in the corners of the building. They should also be about 2.5 meters apart from each other.
Dig a pit for each column. Its depth is usually 60 cm. The sides of the recess should be 60see. From top to bottom, the pits narrow. The bottom sides of the pits should be 50 cm.
The bottom needs to be compacted with high quality. Sand falls down. Then you need to lay rubble. Each layer has a thickness of about 10 cm. A layer of roofing material is covered from above. First pour 5 cm of cement mortar. When it dries, you need to create columns. To do this, lay 2 bricks on the cement mortar. Another layer of mortar is applied on top. The next row is laid across the previous one. This creates columns that rise above the ground by about 40 cm (or other).
Wooden verandas, terraces attached to the house are almost always created on the basis of such a foundation. Before creating the frame of the walls, the floors need to cover the columns with two layers of roofing material.
Concrete floor
Various options for an extension to the house involve the arrangement of a concrete floor. It is a durable, insulated construction. It is most often created for residential premises that are operated in the winter. Also in the garage, kitchen, this type of foundation will be relevant.
Concrete floor is equipped in the event that a strip foundation was built. First you need to make a recess in the ground. You will need to create a hole about 30 cm. Sand is poured down. 20 cm of expanded clay filler is poured onto it. This material will serve as additional thermal insulation.
A rebar grid is laid on top. Beacons are installed, and a layer of screed is poured. After drying, lay out waterproofing and insulation (polystyrene foam) on it. From above make another layer of screed. Afterthis, if desired, make a decorative finish.
An extension to the house in this case can be insulated. In order not to conduct additional batteries into the living room, it is possible to equip an electric floor heating system on a concrete base. To do this, before pouring the second layer of concrete, lay a heating wire on the insulation. It fits in increments of about 10 cm.
Next, a 3 cm screed layer is poured on top. In this case, it is better to finish the floor from tiles or porcelain stoneware.
Creating a wooden floor
Addition to a wooden house most often involves arranging the base on the logs. To do this, you need to tie the columnar foundation. A beam with a cross section of 150x100 mm is laid on the supports. It is necessary to make notches along the edges of the beams to connect. They are fixed with metal corners.
When the installation of the strapping beam is completed, logs are mounted on it. To do this, recesses are made in the wood. Lags will be invested in them. They should stand at a distance of 40 cm from each other. When the frame is created, you can lay a layer of boards. If the building is open and not insulated, a distance of about 2 cm is made between the boards. Water will drain into them after rain.
If the building is insulated, you need to mount a layer of waterproofing at the bottom. The bottom is lined with moisture-resistant plywood. Mineral wool is laid between the lags. A layer of waterproofing is also laid on top. The surface is covered with boards or moisture-resistant plywood. Finishing can be done with laminate.
Toto attach a terrace to the house, you do not need to apply a layer of insulation and waterproofing. This design will be open and non-insulated. It is important to choose a material that will be processed correctly. It must not be affected by the weather.
Walls and roofs
Next, walls are created. They can be made from different materials. Often, aerated concrete or timber is used for these purposes. It can also be a frame structure. An extension to the house made of polycarbonate is gaining popularity. It is most often equipped on the western or eastern side of the house. If in the summer such a building is located on the south side, it will be very hot here. Being in such a room would be unbearable.
When the walls are built, the roof needs to be built. It is almost always single-sided. It is necessary to create a rafter system from a wooden beam. Next, lay a layer of roofing material. It is better that it be identical with the roof trim of the house.
If the room will be insulated, you must first create a roofing cake. A layer of vapor barrier is laid under the lag structure. It is lined with moisture resistant plywood. Mineral wool is laid between the lags. It is waterproofed. Roofing material is mounted on top. It can be slate, corrugated board, metal tiles or soft materials. The connection of the roof to the wall of the house is made using a special profile. A gutter system is installed on the roof.
Having considered the possible options and features of creating an extension to the house, you can build a veranda, terrace, utility or otherpremise by yourself.
