A submersible pump for a well is the optimal solution to the problem of water supply in a summer cottage or in a private household. This unit with minimal energy consumption and labor effort allows you to organize watering activities and provide other household needs. The efficiency of this system depends on the quality of the installation of the pump in the well, compliance with technical requirements and safety standards.
Which pumps are used for wells?
Not every pump is suitable for lifting water from deep. Theoretically, it is possible to organize the work of any model in this way, but not in every case it will give the expected operational result. Design features of wells impose certain restrictions on the design of pumping equipment.
Target types of pumps for this application include submersible, vibrating and centrifugal. Circulation patterns are usuallyused to maintain sufficient pressure already on the surface when delivering water over long distances.
It is important to consider the specific performance of the unit. For example, installing a vibration pump in a well allows for a rise of 60-70 m, but in practice 10-20 m is enough.
Special attention is drawn to the design. If the equipment is to be submerged, then the case must be airtight and protected from external influences - both shocks and contact with dirt and sand. To prevent the pump from running idle, without water (dangerous for electrical stuffing), experts recommend giving preference to models with protection against “dry” running. These are the basic conditions for organizing a productive and reliable water supply system from a well at the household level.
Mounting Features
The specifics of working with submersible pumps is determined by the need for the owner to go down into the well shaft with a small diameter. The average depth of such structures in private areas varies from 10 to 25 m, so you cannot do without special equipment in this matter. The main and most important installation operations will be carried out just at the depth.
How to go down into the well to install the pump? The most practical solution is to use a rope ladder, by which the installer can not only descend to the level of the equipment, but also fix himself, freeing his hands for work.
Industrial ladders of this type, costing 4-5 thousand rubles, are provided with special devices for reliable installation and body grip. If the immersion depth does not exceed 6 m, then you can limit yourself to an ordinary metal ladder with hooks at the end. Also, experts recommend that even during the development of the well, to equip the walls of the well shaft with stairs made of metal brackets with sealed fasteners that are hammered into the ground. But this is only possible if the soil density is sufficient.
Earthworks
The first stage of organizing a well water supply system involves the creation and arrangement of a channel for delivering water to the surface. It will have to connect the point of consumption of water or the collector of distribution of flows and the place of water intake. To do this, a trench is dug in which the pipeline will be laid. It is recommended that the channel does not have strong bends with turns, which minimizes energy costs in creating the desired pressure when pumping fluid.
The place of entry into the wellbore will depend on the level at which it is planned to install the pump in the well, but not higher than the depth of the freezing formation. This will increase the reliability of the trench. As a rule, a branch is made at a depth of 1.5-2 m.
The width of the channel should be 40-50 cm. In this case, if possible, the presence of sharp stones and various debris in the circuit that can damage the pipe should be excluded. Further, at the bottom of the channel, an approximately 20-cm sand and gravel cushion is made, similar to a drainage one. Fits on ita layer of geotextile for wrapping the pipeline for the purpose of sealing.
Installation of pipelines
With properly organized insulation, you can use metal, metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes, as well as hoses, if you plan to create a channel with a small throughput for irrigation. The main requirements for the material are corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. For ease of installation and possible repair work in the future, it is desirable to form the pipeline in segments by zones. Laying is carried out on the surface, in the channel made and on the section of the transition to the pump already in the well shaft. Especially in the trench, it is important to provide pipe insulation with insulation and a corrugated sheath.
A special plumbing sleeve about 50 cm long is installed at the exit point of the pipe from the trunk. When it dries, the sleeve will need to be further treated with bituminous mastic for the purpose of waterproofing. The calculation of the pipeline along the length is based on the fact that the inlet to the well shaft must be at least 25 cm. A drain valve is installed at its end for emergency water discharge.
Do-it-yourself step-by-step installation of a pump in a well
By this time, mounting equipment with devices for fixing equipment should be prepared and the condition of its electrical infrastructure should be checked. The thing isthe fact that a cable will also pass through the pipeline channel, and without intermediate links with connections. It should directly link the pump and the power source on the surface.
Then, first of all, the question is how to hang the pump in the well? It is suspended using a nylon or galvanized cable, one end of which is fixed on a stable mounting frame. The latter can be made from steel corners - a simple metal frame is mounted to be placed near the head of the well. A cable is fixed to this base.
Further, work operations are performed in the following sequence:
- The pump is placed at the end of the pipe section connecting the tee and the water intake point.
- Cable unfolds parallel to outlet pipe.
- If the unit was supplied in a prefabricated kit, then it will be enough to connect it to the sleeve. Otherwise, a submersible pump is installed in the well with your own hands using a check valve. For installation, complete or universal sanitary material is used. The contractor's task is to connect the valve and connect the adapter to which the pipe is connected.
- The cable is fixed to the water supply with clamps or electrical tape. The first option is more reliable, but in both cases it is necessary to maintain a fastener spacing of at least 50 cm.
- The lowered cable is threaded into a special hole on the pump housing (usually a special head is provided for gripping) andfixed.
- At this stage of the installation of the deep pump in the well, the pipeline is connected to the tee. This is done with plumbing paste or an American with tow.
- The cable in the protective casing is brought out through the trench to the surface.
- Outside, the hole with the pipeline channel is covered with soil and lined with geotextile. You can use a plastic or concrete lining of the exit section for additional protection.
Features of installing a surface pump in a well
Unlike submersible pumps, this equipment does not have special protection against water. The unit should be located not just near the head of the well, but in a special facility. Initially, a frame is mounted that protects the equipment with connecting elements from precipitation and wind. If possible, it is better to organize the pumping infrastructure in a special utility room or utility block, but this facility should be located close to the well shaft. In addition, if the installation of a borehole pump in a well is possible at a great depth, determined only by the pressure force of the equipment, then surface models work with a maximum intake level of no more than 8-9 m.
A suction pipe with a pre-installed filter and a non-return valve is immersed in the well. On land, the other end of the pipe is connected to the pump nozzle through a coupling of a suitable format. Another important feature of surface units is the need to bleed air from the circuits. For thisa diverter air valve is mounted as an option.
From the outside, this solution in the form of using a surface pump for a well may seem technically simpler, since it does not require the creation of an additional pipeline outlet through the ground. However, this advantage is offset by low performance compared to submersible pumping systems. Therefore, this option is usually used in the seasonal mode of water supply for irrigation work.
Connection of additional equipment and automation
Regardless of the type of pump used, the installation of ancillary control infrastructure will be required. Without fail, a membrane tank (hydraulic accumulator) is connected to the system for natural pressure regulation and prevention of water hammer, as well as automation, which will facilitate control processes. Both the control relay and the membrane tank are placed on the surface in the room. Moreover, it is important to ensure the horizontal position of this equipment, which will create conditions for its correct operation.
If a typical scheme for installing a pump in a well is used, then the hydraulic tank will also have to have an appropriate version designed to be placed in the well. Both its body and the connection pipes must be sealed. Inlet and outlet hoses are supplied to the tank from the pump, which will allow you to regulate the pressure in the circuit by means of a buffer tank. The relay with automation is connected only on the surface through an RCD with a fuse. ToIn a word, pumping stations already in the basic configuration provide for both the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and the necessary controls. Another thing is that it is irrational to use such a unit for the sole purpose of watering from a well. When connected to a collector, the station can additionally regulate the processes of pumping water from other sources.
Preparing for the first operation
Before starting the pump, it is advisable to make rubber protective pads on the sides where the casing may collide with the walls of the well. This will prevent shock during operation of the unit with vibrations.
Depending on operating conditions, similar devices should be installed throughout the pipeline. Particular attention is paid to the places where the clamps are installed - the protruding parts with clamps should also not touch the pipes. If a high-power water pump is being installed in the well, then it would be useful to provide a spring suspension at the end of the cable, which will allow the equipment to vibrate freely and reduce the load on the supporting frame.
When turning on, make sure that the unit is completely in the water. If it is planned to use water for drinking purposes, then all surfaces of the equipment and the pipeline network must be thoroughly washed.
Pump Maintenance Tips
During operation, you should periodically check the following items:
- Design integrity and connection reliability.
- Degree of wear of the cable, insulatingmaterials and mounting hardware. If the pump was installed in a well with rubber seals or damping materials, then you should prepare for their regular replacement.
- Presence of foreign objects in the pipeline.
- Correct readings of measuring instruments (pressure gauge, thermometer, etc.).
- Activation of emergency shutdown systems.
Conclusion
Many operational factors will influence the performance of well pumps, from the characteristics of the pumped liquid to the reliability of the installed mounting structure. Therefore, installation activities are recommended to be carried out only after a comprehensive survey of the sampling point and an assessment of the possibilities for solving the task.
The proposed technology for installing a pump in a well allows you to organize a water supply system that is ergonomic to use and accessible for further maintenance. If desired, it can be upgraded by linking communications with other equipment, such as a collector unit or a circulation pumping unit. By choosing a suitable water intake scheme, it is quite possible to provide the house with both drinking and technical water for watering the garden.
