Since ancient times, handmade carpets have been of great importance in Turkmen life. These products "participated" in prayers, gave solemnity to family gatherings, replaced chests of drawers. Turkmen carpets were used to insulate the home, at the same time being their decoration.
People's Treasure
In Turkmenistan, these items are truly a national treasure. Turkmen handmade carpets are an indispensable part of the spiritual and material component of culture. The elements used in the creation of carpets are repeated in national symbols. Similar techniques were used to create the country's architectural masterpieces.
Turkmen carpets are the embodiment of the soul, culture and art of the people. That is why the nation attaches such importance to these products. The carpet ornament is able to tell not only about the region in which it was created, but also about what particular master made it. For the uninitiated, the carpet will tell about the customs, symbols of the people, about the inhabitants of the region and the nature of Turkmenistan. Any carpet, wherever it isproduced, has its own "soul", its "face" is different from others.
Even today, quality carpet complements the design of the home, giving comfort. The quality of the product speaks of the prosperity of the family. Heat-insulating properties allow you to save on heating.
Create carpets in many countries, but Turkmenistan has become one of the few where this craft has become famous throughout the world. The Turkmen carpet, the price of which is quite high (about 100 thousand rubles), is an international brand. Customers are delighted with the products, and they win prizes at various exhibitions.
History
It is generally accepted that the ornaments of carpets completely repeat the patterns on ceramics dated to the 4th millennium BC. The oldest carpet that has survived to this day was made in the 5th century BC. e. Scientists have established its belonging to the Pazyr culture. At a later time, these products were exported to other countries, where they were called Parthian, Bukhara and Persian.
In ancient times, Turkmen carpets were produced for a variety of household needs. They were used as insulation in yurts, door curtains, bags.
The first carpets were made of pure wool, they were decorated with geometric patterns, which differed somewhat in different tribes. A good carpet was a symbol of we alth and power.
Turkmen handmade carpets, the price of which was incredibly high, were highly valued, including by emperors. Later written evidencedemand for products. The first such mention dates back to the 900s. The world-famous traveler Marco Polo raved about carpets, mentioning that finer and more beautiful carpets are hard to find.
In the 19th century, Turkmen carpets began to be delivered to exhibitions in the USA, Russia and European countries. Connoisseurs of contemporary art appreciate these examples.
For a long time, the fame of Turkmen carpets has been circulating around the world, where they are valued to this day.
Views
In many countries these products are known as Bukhara. This happens because they were originally distributed in the bazaars of Bukhara.
Cloths made in the vast territory where the Turkmen lived are referred to as Turkmen carpets. This territory consists of Turkmenistan, Balochistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan. Today, this group includes tekke, tekin, salor, yomut and others.
- Tekke. This name is derived from one of the nationalities - the Tekke. The Turkmen Teke carpet is characterized by a common detail - a gel divided into four parts.
- Yomut. This group of carpets is made in the tribe with this name. In this group, a large number of different ornaments and styles are acceptable. One type is diagonal rows of colorful octagons. Latches and hooks are depicted on the border. On the second variety, the octagons are arranged vertically, animals with two heads are inscribed in them.
- Salor. Made by the Salor tribe. This nationality is the oldest in Turkmenistan. This stylecharacterized by the division of the medallion into 4 parts. Animal figurines are located on each section of the medallion.
- Ersari. As it is easy to understand, the Ersari tribe produces them. This nation did not create its own pattern, so medallions are not found on their carpets. The ornament consists of floral and figured elements taken from other cultures.
In addition to the traditional ones, here you can find products with portraits or various subjects. Special rugs are made for prayers.
Materials
Mainly for the manufacture of carpets use the fleece of the best sheep. The quality of wool is determined by its color, uniformity, which is important for proper dyeing. Sometimes silk or cotton is used as a base.
Weaving
The most commonly used asymmetric Persian knot, but some nations use the Turkish symmetrical knot. Turkmen carpets are distinguished from other fabrics by a repeating pattern and stripes of stylized patterns on the end sides.
Colors
In the production of most of the carpets, burgundy threads are used, which make up the background. In the design of the ornament, black, orange, green and blue tones are preferred. With the help of black threads, which are a symbol of the element of water, ornaments are framed.
Dyes
Until the 19th century, strictly natural dyes were used, but in the last century they were replaced by cheaper chemical ones. Despite their popularity, this led to a deterioration in quality.carpets. However, the progress of technology has made it possible to obtain modern dyes that are as close as possible to natural ones. Currently, chemical dyes are most often used.
Ornaments
Art critics are sure that the ornament of carpets keeps the entire history of the nation. Any symbol has its own meaning, and gel is a bouquet of symbols. Any particular group of peoples have developed their own gel.
Turkmen handmade carpets still keep traces of history and religious movements existing in the country.
The people of Turkmenistan have been engaged in carpet weaving for more than one millennium, which could not but leave an imprint on the character of its representatives. The production of one carpet takes a lot of time, requires a lot of attention and patience. Despite the rather monotonous appearance, concentration and excellent memory are required to make them. Even religious figures wove carpets, as the process taught patience and hardened the spirit, which is essential for the afterlife.
Each piece is created with incredible labor. The colossal industriousness of the people provides the country with a golden age. Researchers of the East say that every day it is necessary to pass several tens of thousands of times with a heavy iron comb, putting wool and thread in order. Not every strong man can do such work, and in Turkmenistan this is the lot of women. In addition to labor, women put a maximum of feelings, hopes, and ideas into carpets. If we translate the amount of energy spent on creating a carpet into units, thenit turns out that each product is created by the energy of three hundred horses. That's how much energy it takes to light up a small town for 8 hours.
Reviews
Despite the fact that today consumers try to avoid placing carpets in their homes, it is the Turkmen handmade carpet that remains a symbol of comfort, prosperity and good taste. Despite the cost of carpets, even today they have a huge number of fans. These people admire unusual patterns and excellent quality products. They are ready to pay big money for unique creations of human hands. According to reviews, these products are practical, beautiful and have high wear resistance.
