Geodetic control is an ordered system of measurements and calculations that allows you to control the correctness of key geometric parameters in the construction process. The main point of these measures is to ensure all the necessary tolerances and standards specified in the project documentation.
Features of the procedure
The object of control can be not only buildings, but also engineering structures or communications. This means that the verification procedure is designed to ensure the proper quality of all construction and installation work. Geodetic control is carried out during construction activities and implies compliance with the following parameters:
- accuracy of placement of structures, their slopes and geometric parameters;
- correct location of all elements of the concrete foundation during installation;
- correspondence of load-bearing elements, such as columns and blocks, to the requirements of technical documentation.
How the process goes
The control of the above characteristics is carried out by the method of calculating the axes of buildings and structures relative to special stakeout boundaries. To do this, the engineering service is placing special marks and benchmarks on the controlled object. Then the distance between them is measured by high-precision instruments. The obtained values are noted in the logs, the information from which then forms the basis of the reports. The documentation obtained by this method helps to prevent possible errors in the construction of buildings.
When performing geodetic work, narrow-focus equipment, high-precision measuring instruments and specialized calculation methods are used. Such measures allow you to accurately control the condition of all building structures and parts.
Ways
According to the type of work, geodetic control can be divided into 2 types: continuous and local. The first method involves daily monitoring of the necessary geometric parameters of the building, and the constant presence of specialists at the object under study. This option performs well on large-scale facilities, such as stadiums and large shopping malls, when the amount of work being done requires permanent monitoring.
Local geodetic control of structures involves measuring the current parameters of the desired objects on the site. This option would be appropriate for an insignificant amount of construction work, as it allows you to provide the required quality of measurements.without attracting extra funds.
Process steps
Geodetic control in construction involves the following features:
- The construction is accompanied by 2 steps of work. The first is called operational control and is implemented by the construction contractor. The second is selective control carried out by the contracting authority during the acceptance of the finished structure or at one of the stages of construction.
- The results recorded during the operational control process should be displayed in the general work log, with the obligatory indication of the number of deviations from the dimensions that are reflected in the project.
- The geodetic control system involves monitoring the accuracy of pouring concrete foundations. The concreting process is preceded by a check of all formwork and reinforcement elements. By measuring the center distances of the surfaces of the shields, a scheduled check is carried out; the elevation is controlled by the leveling process.
- Checking the performance of glass foundations is carried out along the center lines fixed on the ground. The control is carried out by the location of the staking axis relative to the lines outlined in advance.
- Compliance of the building foundation with quality standards is recorded in a document signed by a representative of technical supervision on the one hand, and an employee of the installation company on the other. To the drawn up act, the layout of the elements is applied, with the help of which control is exercised.
- The process of erecting columnsnecessarily preceded by an instrumental analysis of compliance with the project of high-rise positions. Columns are checked using lateral and horizontal leveling.
- During the installation of blocks, their vertical and planned placement is also controlled. The planned position is determined by the alignment of the axes of the blocks with the axes of the walls of the building. Blocks are checked for verticality using a plumb or level.
Control of high-rise construction
High- altitude objects during geodetic control are a separate category. Mistakes made during the construction of such structures can cause serious consequences. Deformations of buildings can be caused by design flaws, natural influences and the influence of soil conditions. Work on monitoring deformation processes is an important part of the overall security system used in the design.
The organization of geodetic control is carried out in such a way that already at the design stage of a high-rise building there is control over the work performed. During the construction process, engineers of the geodetic service ensure compliance with project documentation. The intervention of specialists is also required during the overhaul of the structure, as well as the performance of work to strengthen the foundation. The control technique in this case is based not only on the technical, but also on the geological features of the place.
Geodetic work during the construction of high-rise structures is carried outonly by organizations with special permissions. The specialists of such companies must be specially certified to carry out the relevant activities. It should also be taken into account that a high-rise structure usually requires an individual geodetic monitoring system.
Compliance with quality standards
In the construction of buildings and structures, the issue of quality is given increased attention. All operations performed in violation of the standards must be redone. The first stage of quality control is the input control. All materials that enter the construction site undergo such a check. Control shows the compliance of purchases with the requirements of technical documentation, and the availability of the necessary certificates. Incoming inspection also detects defects received during transportation.
The second stage of verification is called operational control. Its purpose is to find and eliminate inconsistencies in the course of the construction process. First of all, the compliance of the quality of work with the existing project and instructions is determined. The entire process of work is subjected to such verification, up to the unloading and storage of materials.
Surveillance activities
Geodesic quality control plays an important role in the process of checking the geometrical parameters of a structure. The process consists of checking the initial data of the plan, monitoring the position during installation, and analyzing the characteristics of the finished structure. During construction, they also checkload-bearing and enclosing structural elements. Data collection using geodetic instruments is carried out only for those sections of buildings, the accuracy of the geometry of which affects the correct installation of other structures.
Acceptance of work
The process of acceptance of the finished building takes place on the basis of the approved project of work. Before delivery, you must prepare the following documentation:
- drawings of finished structures;
- certificates and passports for reinforced concrete products;
- documents confirming the quality of consumables used during installation, such as electrodes and fasteners;
- laboratory analysis of welded joints;
- certificates confirming the qualifications of working personnel;
- results of geodetic measurements;
- documents for installation and welding work.
Approximately half of accidents and problems with the operation of buildings are caused by violations of the construction process. Most of these defects do not appear immediately, but during operation. The primary task of geodetic control of buildings is the timely detection and prevention of defects in the construction process.
