A person's he alth essentially depends on what kind of water he uses. Particular attention should be paid to its cleaning in a private house, where consumption is often made from wells and wells. The water consumed from the central water supply also sometimes needs to be filtered. For this, a water purification system is used in a private house.
How to make water cleaner
Before talking about improving the quality of water, it is necessary to understand its composition, for which laboratory analysis is carried out. Most often, it contains an excessive amount of hardness s alts. In addition, heavy metals may be present in the water. Softeners help with both.
Natural water is polluted with sand, silt, bacteria, toxic substances. Having decided on its composition, in the future it is necessary to establish several stages of filtration with a target direction. Only then will the well water purification system for a private house be effective. The same goes for water from wells andcentral water pipelines.
Types of filters for water treatment system
- mechanical cleaning of silt, sand and other particles;
- softening;
- removal of nitrates, heavy metals and petroleum products;
- decontamination.
It is important to choose the right capacity for each cleaning step.
Water treatment steps
The water purification system from a well for a private house contains a maximum of 5 steps:
- mechanical;
- electrochemical;
- clarification through catalysts;
- adsorption;
- biological.
Mechanical cleaning
Cartridges contain a grid with small cells. The filter element may be porous polypropylene. Large contaminants are separated: sand, rust, silt, etc. The throughput of mechanical filters is restored by reverse periodic washing. With active use, the cartridge can last about a year, after which it needs to be replaced. The mechanical cleaning stage is used in all systems.
Adsorption
Cartridges contain highly porous fillers: activated carbon, silica gel, aluminosilicate, zeolites. They trap and hold harmful organic compounds in micropores. The water becomes clear and gets rid of unpleasant odors. Adsorption filters clog quickly and require frequent replacement. With prolonged use, impurities begin to pass into the water.
Can be applied a little longergrain-loaded cartridges that can be washed. But here only mechanical particles are removed. Adsorbed impurities are held in the pores by forces sometimes exceeding gravity.
Iron removal
Iron is oxidized with a special filling, after which it forms a precipitate and is removed by mechanical cleaning.
Softening
Water is softened by filters containing ion exchange resin. In it, calcium and magnesium are replaced by soluble sodium. The resource of the cartridge is directly dependent on the hardness of the water. Usually it is less than other cleaning methods and is 200-800 liters.
Filters are regenerated in a s alt solution. Over time, the resin loses its beneficial properties and begins to enrich the water with impurities. Visually, this can be seen by the exit of darkened water.
Membrane filters
Methods for forcing water through membranes are classified by pore size:
- microfiltration - 0.05-10 microns (fine cleaning from suspensions);
- ultrafiltration - 0.001-0.05 microns (removal of microscopic particles and microorganisms);
- nanofiltration and reverse osmosis - 0.001 microns or less (retention of metal s alts, organic and microbiological contaminants).
Aeration
Aeration columns remove hydrogen sulfide, iron, manganese from water and prevent microbial growth. This requires a compressor to supply compressed air. The advantage of the system is the absence of replaceable cartridges.
Compressor columns will cost more but are more profitable in the long run.
Aerationespecially effective as a step in a private home wastewater treatment system.
Filters for water purification in a private house: how to choose
Water purification can be done with and without reagents. The former require substances that oxidize pollutants such as dissolved iron. Their price is low, but operation requires the cost of replacement filters in order to maintain efficiency at a given level. The method is suitable for the preparation of technical water, but not drinking.
More modern is a non-reagent water purification system in a private house. User reviews note that it is more expensive to buy, but it can be used to purify water to a drinking level.
Water filters for a private house. Cleaning system
Filtering is done through several stages in stages.
When water enters the house, it is first mechanically cleaned of large particles. The next stage of final cleaning is to remove s alts and small impurities in order to use water for drinking. Several methods apply here.
- Filters-jugs. The main filter medium is activated carbon. The device can be purchased by everyone, thanks to its low cost. The speed and volume of filtration here are small, but for domestic needs it is manyarranges. Despite the ease of use, pitcher filters have a fairly high cleaning efficiency. Most often you can find filter jugs from Aquaphor and Barrier companies, the price of which is in the range of 250-700 rubles.
- Dispenser - household water purifier. It is more used for organizations and public places. It is equipped with multi-stage filters, can be connected to the water supply, contains heating devices. Large volumes of drives and additional functions raise the price of the dispenser to 5 thousand rubles.
- A multi-stage water purification system in a private house and apartment, installed under the sink, consists of several replaceable cartridges connected in series to the water supply. For clean drinking water, a separate faucet is often installed. The throughput is about 3 l / min, the resource is in the range of 4000-15000 liters. The most effective is a five-stage water purification system in a private house, the price of which varies widely. The most expensive devices that use the reverse osmosis method. The units are controlled by controllers that control the system parameters, water quality, and also give a signal about the exhaustion of the resource by the cartridges.
Choosing a water treatment method
The water purification system in a private house in most cases removes iron and hardness s alts. Therefore, the filtration system must be mixed.
Sequential installation of filters allows you to remove different impurities. Please note the following before selecting a specific system.
- Performancefilters should meet the needs of the water. At low bandwidth, the quality of the filtering drops. This is important for mechanical cleaning, where the flow should not be very intense. Only in this case will the contaminants remain in the filter. Too powerful a filter is also not needed, since it is large and expensive.
- Cleaning methods are selected according to the chemical composition of water. If there is an excess of iron in it, a device is used to remove it, and water softening is performed by a system that reduces the concentration of hardness s alts.
- Filtration is carried out in stages, with the sequential removal of certain types of contaminants.
- Filter flasks should be selected so that any cartridges fit them and there are no problems with their replacement.
Reviews
Reverse osmosis is considered the best water treatment. The system must be with a mineralizer, since the output is distillate. If consumption is seasonal, the system is not suitable. It is important here that it be constant. With reverse osmosis, up to 50% of the water is wasted.
For technical needs, softening exchange filters are effective. They are especially important for heating devices that fail when overgrown with hardness s alts. Separate small softening filters are recommended for washing machines.
In case of high contamination, it is better to perform mechanical filtration on reusable filters with metal meshes. Polypropylene cartridges will need to be replaced frequently, making water treatment more expensive.
Some users thinkthat there are no extra filters. For example, if an iron remover is installed and the iron concentration is within the normal range, the device will last a very long time.
In order for the cleaning system to be compact, it is recommended to install complex filter cartridges under the sink that remove several types of contaminants at once.
If water from a natural source does not pump for a long time, it is recommended to first dump it until the turbidity disappears, and then pass it through filters. This way they will last longer.
Manufacturers
A well-known company for the manufacture of filters is a large company called Equals. The company's specialists do not recommend choosing cleaning devices on their own, as well as mounting them with their own hands. Here, a set of measures is needed to guarantee the receipt of high-quality water with a professional approach. The choice of a water purification station from a well for a private house is carried out by special services that also perform installation and maintenance.
Well-known companies producing reliable equipment are Geyser, Barrier, Aquaphor, Ecodar. Those who do not want to get involved with complex water treatment systems purchase jug filters from the Geyser and Aquaphor companies. They also produce complete cleaning systems. The water purification system in a private house "Aquaphor" is reliable and durable.
When installing filtration systems, experts suggest following the advice.
- First of all, you need to do a water analysis in the laboratory, and then turn to professionalson the choice of a suitable system based on the indicators obtained. If the wells are shallow, it is recommended to analyze the water periodically.
- Small filters can be installed by hand, but it is better to entrust the installation of complex systems to specialists.
- With any filtration method, the coarse stage should not be neglected, due to which water can be purified more economically.
- When choosing products from certain manufacturers, you should first read the reviews.
Conclusion
A water purification system in a private house will be effective if you correctly determine the types and performance of replaceable filter cartridges. Available in the most common size, affordable prices and easy installation.
