The facade of any building should perform two main functions. The first is to protect the outer walls from aggressive environmental influences. The second is expressed in the decoration of the building, because it is the facade that determines the architectural style of the building. But before finishing, you need to figure out what types of facades exist, what features and characteristics they have.
Main varieties
Facades can be dry or wet. In the first case, the systems are equipped without the use of building and adhesive solutions. The elements are fixed with mechanical fasteners such as nails, dowels, self-tapping screws, etc. For example, a siding facade and other materials of this type are called dry.
Considering the types of facades, you should also pay attention to those that are equipped using wet technology, building mixtures are used for this. This variety includes plaster facades and systems that are finished, for example, with clinkertiles, because for it there is a need to use an adhesive mixture. Each single-family home owner compares these systems before starting work. Dry facades have a clear advantage, because they can be equipped year-round, regardless of weather conditions. But wet systems allow you to ensure the integrity of the external walls.
Description of ventilated and non-ventilated facades
An additional classification of facades are ventilated and non-ventilated systems. The first variety involves the organization of the gap between the wall and the finishing material. The wall of the house can be additionally insulated and covered with a windproof film.
The air gap will circulate freely, eliminating dampness and moisture that may occur due to condensation on the inside of the decorative material. In addition, moisture can enter from the inside in the form of steam. At the same time, the materials receive reliable protection, and the floor of the building lasts longer, while the insulation is protected from atmospheric phenomena such as rain, snow and wind.
Considering the types of facades, pay attention to non-ventilated systems that are equipped when there is no need for external thermal insulation. If the walls do not breathe, then the installation of a ventilated facade can be abandoned. For example, clinker tiles can be fixed directly to the walls themselves.
Expert advice
If you want to ennoble the outer walls of a wooden house, then you should preferventilated facade, because wood breathes and will release moisture. If you do not equip the gap, then the structure will begin to rot.
For reference
Types of facades, which are called ventilated, provide for the use of not only dry, but also wet mounting methods. If you want to tile a wooden house, then you can follow a certain algorithm. A crate is installed on the ceiling, which will provide a ventilation gap. In this space, if necessary, you can lay a heater and a windproof film. At the next stage, OSB is installed along the crate, then you can start laying tiles.
Varieties of facade finishing materials
If you want to choose the best facade for your home, you need to consider not only the design features of the future system, but also the materials. To begin with, you should pay attention to traditional and popular materials. These include clinker bricks and artificial stone. The latter option is used quite actively for cladding external walls, because it has a small weight and qualities of moisture and wear resistance.
The cost of such material is relatively low, among other things, it is durable. In appearance, the facade will hardly differ in any way from what consists of natural stone. Clinker bricks have also proven themselves well for finishing facades, their low water permeability and smooth texture make the walls less easily soiled. The facade is solidand performs well in all climates.
Using facade plaster
Looking at the types of facades of houses, you can learn more about those that are equipped with plaster. After application, it can be painted in any color, the material has a low cost and can be combined with different types of finishes. The most popular in this case are acrylic and silicone plasters. The first option is the cheapest, it has excellent moisture insulating qualities and is used for thermal insulation of facades with expanded polystyrene. There is also a minus here, which is expressed in low elasticity, which can cause microcracks and damage during temperature changes.
If you still cannot decide which types of house facades suit you best, then you should pay attention to silicone plaster, which is more expensive, but devoid of other disadvantages. The material is waterproof, perfectly endures the negative impact of external factors, lasts a long time and does not lose its original appearance.
Alternative finishes
If none of the above options suits you, then you can choose panels or facade tiles. Tiles differ from natural or artificial stone finishes only in thickness and laying technology. Fixing to the base is done by adhesive method. If you use panels, then with their help you can equip a ventilated facade,which insulates the walls.
Considering the types of facades of buildings, you may prefer finishing with a block house or clapboard. The naturalness of these materials is ensured by a noble and lively appearance. External wall defects can be hidden, because brick and wooden facades often have them. With proper care for such a finish, it will last more than 25 years.
Facing suggests the need to equip a ventilated system. If you want to reliably protect the facade from the weather, then you can use siding that looks attractive and lasts a long time. Thermal panels are also suitable, which act as a new finishing material that combines aesthetic appeal and reliability. The material also has an insulating inner layer.
Installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade: preparation
The types of facade decoration were presented above. If you decide to choose a hinged system, then porcelain stoneware can be preferred as a decorative material for it. At the first stage of installation work, marking is carried out. The master should determine the bottom line, which is drawn horizontally.
Next, two extreme lines are defined, which will be drawn vertically. Using a puncher, you will need to drill holes in the walls for mounting brackets. A paronite gasket is installed in the holes, and then you can proceed to the installation of brackets, for which a screwdriver and anchor dowels are used.
Work methodology
At the next stage, you can proceed to the installation of a wind and hydroprotective andinsulating layer. Through the slots for the brackets, it is necessary to strengthen the heat-insulating plate. Next, canvases and wind protection are hung, everything is temporarily fixed. Through the film and insulation plates, you need to drill holes in the wall, where plate-shaped dowels are inserted. From the bottom row you need to install insulation plates. Plates should be placed horizontally in a checkerboard pattern. There should be no through cracks between them.
Vertical guide profiles are fixed to the adjusting brackets at the next stage. A profile is installed in the grooves of the bearing and support brackets. Different types of facade material are presented for sale today, however, porcelain stoneware is most often used for ventilated systems. For its fastening, clamps should be used, which are located in the holes made by the electric drill. Clamps are installed in accordance with the project and are fixed with rivets to the frame profile through drilled holes.
Porcelain tiles can be installed with a visible joint. This method is the simplest. However, you can mask the seams by painting them in the same color as the tile itself. If you will install the decorative material without a visible seam, then porcelain stoneware should be fixed to the guides using a horizontal cut.
Choice of plaster
Types of modern facades are equipped using different materials. If you decide to use plaster, then one of those presented on the modern market is suitable for this. For example, a granular mixture is called pebble, but forto obtain a textured effect with a striated structure, you should choose "bark beetle". By opting for stucco in the form of a mosaic, you choose a façade that will have transparent pieces of resin that look like multi-colored pebbles.
Finishing the facade with plaster: preparing tools and materials
Different types of facade work require certain external conditions. For example, plastering can be carried out in sunny, dry weather. However, it is important to prepare also tools, as well as materials, among them:
- primer;
- set of beacons;
- reinforcing mesh;
- set of spatulas.
The primer will be needed for the protective treatment of the facade, and beacons will be needed to control the laid layers. In order to eliminate the appearance of cracks, you need to stock up on a reinforcing mesh. But in addition to a set of spatulas, you will need a special rule, knives and graters.
Applying plaster
Not all types of home facade decoration will be within the power of an ordinary home master. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to evaluate your capabilities. Before applying the plaster, the facade should be cleaned of old materials. The walls are free from dirt and dust. If there are defects and cracks, they should be eliminated. At the next stage, the wall is primed, and then the mesh strengthens it. After that, you need to prepare a solution, the volume of which should correspond to the one that you can work out in a certain time.
The solution is applied by spraying or injecting liquid under pressure. The first layer will be cosmetic, it will eliminateirregularities and cracks. After it dries, you can start applying the second layer, after cleaning the beacons from the mixture that has fallen on them. This layer should be equipped with a thicker mass.
Beacons should not be blocked, because they will begin to slide under their own weight. Such types of facade cladding are usually trusted by specialists, because they are familiar with all the nuances of the technology. At the final stage, you need to wipe the surface using the rule, but this must be done after the moisture has evaporated from the plaster. After the mixture has dried, paint can be applied, which will make the facade more attractive.
