This fast-growing, frost-resistant, shady- and transplant-friendly plant is one of the most widely used plants in Russia's climatic zones. The secret of its popularity lies in the delicious aroma that its beautiful and delicate flowers exude. The duration of this phenomenon is more than two months. In addition, the plant is unpretentious in care.
This magnificent plant is a jasmine shrub (the photo is presented in the article).
General information
Jasmine is considered a symbol of love, passion and deep affection. Jasmine is the well-known name of plants of the genus Jasmine. It belongs to the Olive family.
With proper care, the lower part of the stem is slowly covered with wood, and jasmine is often used by gardeners as a decorative element in garden design. The shrub blooms every year and does not need much care. It is often confused with another plant - mock orange, belonging to the familyHydrangeas.
For abundant flowering and unpretentiousness, jasmine is loved by many gardeners. The fragrance is delicate and very pleasant, but when grown indoors, the scent can become quite concentrated, which can lead to severe headaches.
Below is more detailed information on planting, caring for and propagating jasmine shrubs.
Locations in nature
The natural habitat of jasmine is the tropical regions of South America, Australia, Africa, the Mediterranean and Asia. It can grow, bloom and multiply only in a warm climate.
On the territory of European countries and in Russia, only two types of jasmine grow - yellow shrub and white officinalis.
Description
Jasmine is a multi-stemmed shrub that grows up to 4 meters in height. Its leaves are whole green, the flowers are cream or snow-white with a sweet refreshing aroma.
It is easily distinguished from other species of representatives of this genus: a climbing and erect shrub with a smooth thin stem covered with simple, trifoliate, unpaired dark green leaves. The stem ends with large flowers that have the correct shape. The flowers of the jasmine shrub (see photo in the article) are single or umbellate, collected in shields. They, depending on the species, can be apical or lateral.
The long corolla of the flower resembles a narrow tube, which inside has 2 thin threads that grow together and turn into a berry. Last andrepresents the fruit of a plant that is strictly forbidden to eat. Flowers can be beige, pink, white or yellow. Shades depend on the variety of the plant and where it grows.
Views
In nature, there are many species and varieties of jasmine shrubs, which differ in color, shape of the stem, flowers and leaves, as well as the height of the bush.
The genus of jasmine today has approximately 300 species. Moreover, each of them has its own characteristics in terms of growth and care. Below are the most common ones:
- Jasmine flattened - a shrub that has a small size. Leaves pinnate, lanceolate, light green. Pale purple flowers of the jasmine shrub have a rather pleasant delicate aroma.
- Shrub jasmine is an upright shrub up to one and a half meters high. The stem is rod-shaped, flexible, the branches are thin and smooth. Its leaves are paired with two leaves. The flowers are located on the side branches.
- Jasmine Lerata is a shrub that grows up to 3.5 meters in height. The peculiarity of this species is that it is endowed with long green stems, lanceolate dark green and white small flowers that have a pleasant mint smell.
Jasmine polyanthus or many-flowered. The jasmine shrub of this species can be called climbing. Its branches droop and grow well in width. An adult plant in height can reach 1-3 meters. Stems, branches and leaves are covered with fine hairs, giving the plant a grayish-green hue. In its formflowers look like small stars, collected in clusters. Jasmine blooms almost all year round, spreading a wonderful fragrance
- Jasmine sambac (Indian or Arabic) is a climbing evergreen species. Oval in shape and leathery in structure, the leaves have a length of 2 to 10 centimeters. The flowers are white, fragrant, simple, double or semi-double. They are collected in small-flowered racemes. Under favorable conditions, the flowering period of some varieties of this species can last all year.
- Medicinal jasmine is a climbing species endowed with long, thin and angular branches. Smooth leaves are paired, white flowers are fragrant. As the name implies, some parts of the plant of this type of jasmine shrub can also be used as raw materials for medicines. Planting and care is effortless, so this plant can also be grown for he alth benefits.
- Chinese jasmine is an evergreen vine that grows up to 10 meters in length. The plant has white fragrant flowers and bright green leaves. It is often used to decorate garden arbors and arches.
Growing conditions
Any soil is good for the growth and development of jasmine, but fertile soil is the best option for growing jasmine shrubs. Caring for him is not difficult, but it is precisely such soil that will lead him to gaining the best decorative effect. The ideal soil composition is a mixture of sand, humus and soddy soil (proportion 1:2:3). It should also be taken into account that when planting a plant in open ground, it is necessary to make30 grams of nitrophoska.
Jasmine does not tolerate waterlogging, and therefore, when planting, it is necessary to ensure good drainage or it is better to plant seedlings on some hill. The best drainage layer is gravel, broken brick, small pebbles with coarse sand (about 20 cm thick).
Despite the unpretentiousness in terms of lighting, the plant blooms better and longer in open sunny places. Between the bushes, it is desirable to leave a distance of about one meter. To speed up the survival of the plant before planting, it is recommended to moisten its roots in a mixture of clay and mullein.
Landing
It is important to remember that plants planted in early spring root much better and faster. But planting jasmine shrubs can be done in spring and autumn.
What needs to be done for this?
- Dig a hole about 60 cm deep and about 60 cm in diameter.
- Place a drainage layer at the bottom of the pit, and sprinkle a little nitrophoska and soil mixture on top of it.
- Evenly and carefully spread the jasmine roots in the hole and cover with fertile soil. To prevent the bush from rotting, it is not necessary to deepen its base by more than 2-3 cm.
- Tamp the soil at the base of the bush.
- Pour plenty of water over the jasmine in a volume of about 15-20 liters.
- Add mulch around the trunk area to reduce moisture evaporation.
Care
The jasmine shrub (the photo is presented in the article) is very unpretentious in care. Howeverits greatest decorativeness and attractiveness can be achieved by performing the following activities:
- periodic loosening of soil around the trunk of a shrub;
- fertilization (organic, phosphate-containing and mineral) for abundant flowering and increased immunity;
- periodic pinching of branches to give the crown a beautiful regular shape;
- removal of old inflorescences and weeding;
- mulching;
- timely soil moisture.
Reproduction of the jasmine bush
This plant reproduces in several ways:
- Propagation by seeds is the most difficult and time-consuming method. Approximately eight years must pass from the time of planting the fruit before the jasmine will bloom. Sow seeds in greenhouses and at home in winter, sheltering from frost. Seedlings germinate in spring.
- Propagation by cuttings is the easiest way to get young bushes. To do this, in June, the strongest shoot about 7 centimeters long should be cut. You need to root in a peat mixture in the light under a film with daily spraying. Then the seedling is planted in open ground at the chosen permanent place, but at first it is covered with a jar or any other transparent container.
- Propagation by layering is the most widely used method. For spring shearing, the strongest branches should be tilted to the ground, laying in dug grooves. Sprinkle with a mixture of peat and sand. By autumn, the seedling is ready to be separated from the mother bush.
- Reproduction by root division is extreme and raremethod used. The jasmine bush is completely dug up, then its root is divided so that root shoots are preserved on each of the parts. It is desirable to hold such an event not during the flowering period, but best of all in the middle of autumn.
- Propagation by shoots. Shoots about 15 centimeters long are harvested in autumn, after the leaves fall. In winter, these branches should be stored in the basement in a box, or in the refrigerator (on the bottom shelf). In January-February, the shoots should be rooted, and after they get stronger and grow up, plant them outside.
More details about propagation by cuttings
This is the most popular and reliable way. It is best to cut cuttings in the morning. This should be done obliquely under the lower kidney with a sharp knife. The stalk should be strong, but not thick. Having removed the leaves from below, make another, only straight, cut at the top. The length of the handle should be approximately 10 centimeters.
The prepared cutting should be soaked in a root solution for a day, and then planted either under a plastic bottle in open ground or in a greenhouse. The best soil is a mixture of sand and peat in a 1:1 ratio. You need to deepen the escape by no more than 5 cm.
The seedling will take root safely with regular spraying and ventilation. After 3-4 weeks, young buds will appear on them.
Pruning steps
In order for the jasmine shrub to annually please with its fragrant magnificent flowering and beautiful decorative forms, it is necessary to make the correct pruningBush:
- In the spring, cut about 5 branches at a height of 40-50 centimeters from the soil surface, and remove the remaining stems to the very base of the bush.
- Fresh cuts must be treated with garden pitch to protect and quickly heal the shrub.
- Shoots growing from dormant buds should be removed, leaving a few of the strongest branches on old stems. All of them will become the basis of the updated bush.
The proper form of the plant will acquire in a year, and in three years it will bloom profusely.
Jasmine in landscape design
Jasmine shrub is used to decorate the garden and as a solitary plant. Dwarf varieties are good in rocky gardens and rock gardens. They are used both as borders for flower beds, and as edging of lawns and flower beds.
Beautiful jasmine in combination with lilacs, with hydrangeas. Often designers combine different varieties of this shrub, using them as hedges.
Shrub looks great thanks to abundant flowering and rich foliage color. The main thing is to choose the right place for him and remember the necessary and proper care.
Interesting facts
- Jasmine produces its strongest aroma at night, which is associated with the maximum blooming of the flowers of the plant when the temperature drops at the end of the day.
- Jasmine is an indispensable flower for wedding ceremonies in Indonesia.
- From jasmine flowers, sugar and alcohol in Asia they make a drug that, according to legend, relieves cowardice. At the same time, a person becomes invulnerable to the bites of poisonous scorpions and snakes.
- Under natural growing conditions, jasmine lives up to 20 years.
In conclusion
As you can see, planting and propagating jasmine shrubs are simple and labor-intensive processes.
Many people want to know what else jasmine is useful for, besides its decorative effect. The plant is not only beautiful, it is widely used in cooking, for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Its beneficial properties are associated with the rich content of essential oils, benzoic, formic and salicylic acids in jasmine.
Dried flowers are brewed and used as tea. The leaves, finely crushed, can be used to disinfect various wounds. It is believed that jasmine is a “female” plant that helps with various he alth problems (promotes lactation, reduces pain, etc.). The medicinal properties of the plant are used for eye diseases, liver cirrhosis, rheumatism, hepatitis, bronchial asthma, hemorrhoids. All parts of the plant are used to prepare medicinal products: roots, stems, leaves and flowers.
