The water heating system can be called the most common option among the rest. According to statistics, more than 2/3 of buildings are heated using this method. But the concept of "heating system operating on water" is quite general. It may include many varieties. Among them, we should highlight the two-pipe system, which is popular and practical.
Working principle
Schemes of two-pipe heating systems will be discussed in the article below. However, before starting installation work, you should familiarize yourself with the basic principles of the functioning of such heating structures. The system is a closed circuit, through which the coolant circulates through the radiators from the heater and back. The presence of two branches of the pipeline acts as a distinctive feature of this structure. The coolant is distributed through the first, while the chilled water is diverted from the radiator through the other, andthe liquid then returns to the boiler.
Main advantages of a two-pipe system
Schemes of two-pipe heating systems are more complex and expensive to implement, but they are becoming more and more popular, as they have a number of advantages, among which one can highlight the fact that water with the same temperature enters each radiator. In each room, you can set a certain level of heating by means of a thermostat, which is installed if desired on each battery. The regulation will not affect the heat transfer of heating devices in other rooms.
Use area
Pressure loss is not as great compared to alternative systems, which allows the use of a less powerful and economical circulation pump. The system can be installed in any building, be it multi-story, multi-apartment or single-story. Thanks to the shut-off valves that are installed on the supply pipelines, radiator replacement or repairs can be carried out without stopping the system.
Additional Features
Schemes of two-pipe heating systems have one drawback, which is considered very relative. During the construction, a double length of the pipeline is to be used, which leads to the acquisition of a double number of pipes. But this should not be considered a negative characteristic, for the reason that withinstallation, pipes of small diameter are used, the standard sizes of fasteners, valves, connections and fittings are also not too large. For this reason, the amount that will be needed to equip the described system will not be much higher, this is especially true when compared with the installation of a single-pipe system. But the advantages in the first case are much greater.
Schemes of two-pipe systems
Installation of two-pipe type heating may involve the use of one of two schemes, among which one can distinguish closed and open. The type of expansion tank used in the design acts as a division criterion. With an open circuit, an open expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the structure, which allows the coolant to evaporate. At the same time, the internal pressure of the system is relatively low. If you will be installing heating of the classic two-pipe type, then the work involves the need to install an expansion tank, which has a membrane type. It forces the liquid to circulate under the influence of forced pressure. The absence of evaporation allows the use of not only water as a heat carrier, but also glycol-based solutions, which are more practical. As for the closed scheme, it is recognized as more environmentally friendly and safer.
Classification by pipeline location
IfSince you will be installing a two-pipe heating system made of polypropylene, you may prefer a vertical system, which is distinguished by connecting radiators to a vertical riser. This method can be considered optimal for arranging heating in a multi-storey building, since each floor can be connected to the riser separately. The main advantage here is the absence of air pockets during operation. However, please note that the cost of arrangement will be slightly higher compared to other options.
Horizontal pattern
Connecting a two-pipe heating system can also be implemented horizontally. This solution is used mainly for one-story buildings that have an impressive area. Installation involves the connection of heating devices to the pipeline, which will be oriented horizontally. At the same time, experts recommend placing risers and wiring on the stairwell or in the corridor. To eliminate air locks on the battery, you can install a Mayevsky crane.
Classification according to the method of arranging the wiring
Two-pipe distribution of the heating system may involve its lower or upper location. In the first case, the hot pipeline is located in the lower part of the building, this includes the basement, underground space or basement. The return line should be located even lower. To ensure the circulation of the coolant, the boiler must be buried in such a way thatso that all radiators are above it. During installation work, an upper air line must be included in the circuit, which will be intended to remove excess air from the network. Schemes of two-pipe heating systems may also involve upper wiring. In this case, the distributing line should be arranged along the top of the building, the expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the circuit. As a rule, the pipeline is laid through the attic, and if we are talking about a building with a flat roof, then this design is unacceptable.
Installation and connection
If you are considering a one-pipe and two-pipe heating system, then it is quite possible that the second variety will be chosen, due to the more impressive number of advantages of this scheme. Before starting installation, you need to familiarize yourself with the sequence of work. To begin with, wall-mounted gas heating boilers are installed, which may have a different location. The most suitable option for the location of this equipment is a separate small room, which is equipped with a well-equipped ventilation system. All kinds of combustion products will be collected here. The floor and walls should be lined with special purpose refractory materials, while the boiler itself should be positioned away from the wall. It should be in an easily accessible place.
After the calculation of the heating system has been completed, work can begin. At the second stage, the circulation pump is installed, as well as the distributioncollector, which is true if these components are provided by the circuit. The master brings the pipeline, and the line must pass from the boiler equipment to the battery locations. In order to pass the structure through the wall, you need to make a small hole, which is then sealed with cement. All connections must be made in accordance with the underlying material of the pipes.
If you are going to equip a two-pipe heating system at home, then the next step is to connect the radiators. Each device has a heating circuit, which assumes the presence of two pipes, namely, the lower and upper ones. In the first case, we are talking about a variant in which the cooled coolant will be transported along the lower one, while the hot one will be transported along the upper one. Batteries must be installed under the windows using special brackets. It is necessary to retreat 12 cm from the floor, and the distance from the wall should vary from 2 to 5 centimeters. At the outlet and inlet, control and shut-off fittings, temperature sensors should be installed, with which it will be possible to adjust the temperature. After the two-pipe two-story heating system has been installed, it is necessary to carry out pressure testing of the equipment.
Features of installation work
If natural circulation of the coolant is used for heating a private house, then it is necessary to install the boiler below the piping and in those places where the radiators are located. After the wall-mounted gas heating boilers are installed, it is necessary to connect to the expansiontank, which is located in the attic. From the side wall of the tank from its lowest point, a pipe is lowered, designed for the collector. If the heating system has a circulation pump, then the collector can be located anywhere slightly above the floor. If natural circulation is present, then it is strengthened below the expansion tank. It is important to assemble the return pipes into a single circuit that mates with the heating boiler equipment. If a circulation pump is used in the heating system, then it must be positioned in such a way that it is connected to the return circuit. This is due to the fact that the pumps have all kinds of gaskets and cuffs, which are made of rubber. They are completely contraindicated in high temperatures. Another pipe must be welded into the expansion tank, which is installed in the highest place. It is a drain, sewage surplus coming from the coolant will drain through it.
Cost of materials
If you will equip a two-pipe heating system, then you must first calculate the cost of all materials. Thus, for a house with an area of 70 square meters, you will have to purchase 6 radiators, as well as a wall-mounted double-circuit boiler, whose power is 11 kW. The pipes used will be made of polypropylene, and the cost of heating, together with materials and labor, will be 75,000 rubles.
If we are talking about a more impressive area, which is limited to 100 square meters, then you will need 8 radiators and a double-circuitwall-mounted boiler with a capacity of 24 kW. With two-pipe wiring, the cost of materials and work will be equal to 100,000 rubles. For an area limited to 130 square meters, 12 batteries, a double-circuit boiler with a capacity of 24 kW, and polypropylene pipes will be needed. If the system is supplemented with underfloor heating, the price will be 185,000 rubles.
For a house with an area of 180 square meters, you will need 16 radiators, a wall-mounted single-circuit boiler with a capacity of 28 kW, as well as pipes for two-pipe wiring. The entire system, together with material and installation services, will cost 250,000 rubles. The most impressive houses, which are limited to 342 square meters, require the purchase of 28 radiators, a 50 kW floor-standing boiler, and pipes. At the same time, the work and the purchase of material will cost 540,000 rubles.
Conclusion
Despite such an impressive cost of services of specialists in the installation of a two-pipe heating system and materials, it is still worth contacting professionals who will install and competently start the entire heating system at home.
