When building a private house (for example, a summer cottage or a country estate), there is a desire to increase living space and add an additional floor to the house. To do this, you need to choose the most comfortable and functional overlap. Well, let's pay more attention to this issue.
Types of floors
There are several varieties of these designs.
- Prefabricated floors. They are divided elements of the finished structure. These are mainly wooden parts or elements made of lightweight concrete. The most economical option, but it also has many disadvantages. Most often found in wooden or frame houses.
- Prefabricated-monolithic structures. Preferred for houses made of brick or gas blocks. Multi-hollow ceilings, moisture resistant and non-flammable. Very strong and reliable.
- Monolithic overlap between floors. An excellent option for a brick house, but this type is also used in aerated concrete buildings. This is the most common and versatile type of interfloor separation, which, in itsqueue is divided into several types.
Types of monolithic floors
Here are the constructions of this kind:
- a flat monolithic slab made on a removable formwork;
- slab of several layers formed on the formwork;
- caisson floors;
- ribbed ceilings.
The last two types are lightweight floors and are the most common in construction.
Construction of a monolithic ribbed floor
This design consists of beams that can go in one or more directions, and a concrete slab. The work of structural elements is joint, which allows to reduce the weight of the floor without compromising strength. Accordingly, the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house are not loaded with a lot of weight. This allows you to get creative with the design of the upper floor. The main difference between the ribbed coating is the removable formwork. It gives the floor a ribbed surface.
Important development points
Ribbed reinforced concrete floors are made very often with their own hands, since there are no serious difficulties in the procedure for creating such a structure. However, do not forget that the construction of a new floor and intermediate floors is quite a serious job, and you should definitely take into account some details.
Any design must be correctly calculated. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the loadthe overlap will give to the foundation of the house, the dimensions of the ribbed ceiling, the load on the load-bearing walls, the amount of materials and other factors. When calculating, you need to carefully study all the subtleties and it is advisable to count with a margin.
Given that ribbed slabs are the most affordable option, you need to remember that the support and removable formwork offered for rent can completely cover the savings on concrete, and the cost of construction will be very high.
The main convenience in creating such an overlap is a large space. Small spans are much faster and easier to fill with a smooth overlay.
Boost
For those looking to remodel their home or have any reason to reinforce existing floors, there are several ways to do the work yourself.
- Production of a trussed shirt. The simplest and most common way is to strengthen the structure with reinforcement. A special grating is made from steel bars, the stiffening ribs of which reinforce the existing reinforced concrete base. The most important thing is to carefully check the finished shirt for strength. The more thorough the check, the safer the reinforcement of the ribbed ceilings.
- To increase the overlap is resorted to when it is necessary to strengthen the bearing capacity and strength of the structure. To do this, a reinforced lattice of reinforcement is installed on a pre-prepared concrete layer and a new layer of concrete is poured on top.
- Reinforcement with supports. It's more of an additional method toreinforcement than an independent method. Basically, supports that take on part of the load are used if the trussed jacket cannot cope with the structure on its own.
How to make a ribbed floor with your own hands?
After everything is calculated and the decision is made to mount this floor, I want to start work immediately. Making it yourself is quite realistic, although laborious.
First of all, beams are prepared, from which temporary formwork will be made. The tree is attached to the walls, preferably at a small distance from the edge of the wall, so that in the future there will be no serious problems with extraction. Beams that carry the main load must be reinforced with supports that need to be connected by other beams to each other.
After the foundation is prepared for pouring, the laying of reinforcement and welded frames begins, which will carry most of the load. The reinforcement is fixed with anchors.
At this stage it is better to mark all communication points and make hole frames before pouring concrete. After that, you can proceed to direct pouring, using a special apparatus or other available means.
For greater reliability, it is better to install steel angles with welded anchors at the ends of reinforced concrete beams.
As soon as the concrete hardens, the temporary formwork is removed and further work can begin.
Reviews and expert advice on overlaps
When creating something for yourself, it is important to listen to the opinions of experts. Constructive criticism, dispassionate discussion of disadvantages and advantages can very often insure a person from serious mistakes in time. When it comes to housing, especially for such serious works as an addition to the upper floor or redevelopment, the opinion of experts is important.
Design advantages
First of all, builders praise this type of structure for their ability to evenly distribute the load, regardless of weight. For foundation and load-bearing walls, this is the most important factor.
Specialists say that with a competent approach, ribbed reinforced concrete structures are the most profitable option in terms of price and quality. When planning ribbed ceilings, the calculation must be carried out accurately and correctly. Then a considerable amount is saved on the material.
The dimensions of such a ribbed ceiling can be very diverse. So, these designs are great for both small houses and large structures.
Cons according to professionals
When it comes to living spaces, builders immediately warn that the lower part of the ribbed ceiling between floors needs additional coverage, as the view is extremely unaesthetic. It is not always convenient to additionally sheathe the ceiling with veneer, plasterboard or any other material in order to hide the concrete ribs.
Professionals also consider it a minus that the creation of temporary formwork takes a lot of time, and renting a finished formwork from contractors erases material benefits and makesthis type is more expensive than other options.
Specialists also note the need for a separate layer of sound insulation, and ideally thermal insulation too.
Another disadvantage builders note is that installation work must be carried out continuously, since debris, foreign objects, dirt, precipitation are not allowed to enter the ceiling. It will be difficult to work independently in this mode.
