Concrete floors in a private house are usually created on the first floor. This embodiment is not only simple, but also cheap. If you decide to do this kind of work, for this you will have to use not only concrete, but, possibly, clay. The popularity of this floor is due to the fact that concrete is a fairly affordable and durable material. It's easy to make it yourself. The works do not involve the involvement of professional help, which reduces the cost of the process.
Requirements for arranging the floor to the ground
In order to equip concrete floors in a private house, it is required to provide soil that has certain characteristics. The soil must be dry, and as for groundwater, they must be located at a depth of 5 meters or more. The soil should not be characterizedmobility. The concrete floor is most often equipped when the building provides for the presence of a basement or basement. The house must be residential, which indicates the presence of heating, since in winter the soil freezes through, and this leads to an increase in the load on the foundation and deformation of the structure.
Features of pouring the floor on the ground
In order to equip concrete floors in a private house, it is recommended that all wall and roof construction work be completed. Initially, it will be necessary to carry out work regarding the marking of the floor level, and then clear and compact the soil. At the next stage, gravel, sand and crushed stone are laid. Necessarily among the layers of such a "pie" must be present hydro- and thermal insulation. Among other things, be sure to take care of the presence of a reinforcing layer. At the next stage, guides and formwork elements are installed, and then concrete is poured. We should not forget that the concrete must be leveled.
Markup
If you decide to arrange concrete floors in a private house, then you need to outline the zero level. It must be aligned with the bottom of the doorway. This mark must be transferred to all walls. In order to do this, it is necessary to put a mark on the wall at a level of 1 m from the bottom of the doorway. After the marks should be placed on the walls around the entire perimeter, already from themto measure and outline 1 meter down. The resulting line will become the zero level, to which the concrete floor will be poured. In order for you to be able to more easily navigate along this line in the corners of the room, it is recommended to hammer in nails and pull a rope between them.
Cleaning and compacting the soil
Concrete floors on the ground in a private house should be equipped only after clearing has been made. Among other things, the soil will need to be compacted. It is necessary to take out all construction debris, and then remove the top layer of soil, which is called fertile. The floor on the ground is a kind of "pie", the thickness of which will be approximately 35 cm. This indicates the need to remove the soil layer to the level until the height from the zero mark to the soil surface is equal to the thickness of the structure.
After the surface of the soil must be compacted. This can be done using a vibrating plate. However, if such equipment is not available, then an ordinary log can be used. From above, you need to nail the handles to it, and try to compact the soil with the lower part. As a result, you should get an even, dense base on which it will be possible to move around without leaving marks. It may happen that the soil level is below 35 cm. In this case, you need to get rid of a small part of the soil layer, then compact and fill the surface with sand. Further compaction is carried out according to the above technology. concrete floorson the ground in a private house should assume the presence of a waterproofing layer. In order to increase the water-repellent characteristics of the structure, a layer of clay can be placed on top of the soil, which is covered with sand. It is recommended to slightly moisten and compact the clay, this will stop the penetration of groundwater.
Laying the backing
After the base layer has been compacted, you can start preparing the backfill, for this you should use gravel. It must be laid in a layer, the thickness of which is 7 cm. The substrate should be poured with water and compacted well. In order to more easily control the thickness of the layer, it is necessary to drive pegs into the base soil in several rows, which must be leveled. After backfilling and compaction are carried out, the pegs can be disposed of. Next, you should fill in the sand and also compact it well. Its thickness should be approximately equal to 10 centimeters. To simplify control, the same crampons should be used. To compact the sand should be poured with water. For this purpose, you can use ravine sand, which has all sorts of impurities. A layer of crushed stone should be laid on top of the sand, the fractionation of which is 45 millimeters. All layers must be well compacted again. The resulting surface must be again sprinkled with a thin layer of sand, which must be leveled and well compacted. If you are pouring a concrete floor in a private house with your own hands, then the substrate must be leveled using a horizontal level.
Implementation of hydro and thermal insulation
Waterproofing of structures can be done with polyethylene. To do this, use a material whose thickness is 200 microns. It is acceptable to use a waterproofing membrane. The material must be laid over the entire area, the sheets themselves must be overlapped, the seams must be removed with adhesive tape. In order to improve the thermal insulation characteristics of the floor, it is recommended to use materials such as expanded clay, bas alt or stone wool, polystyrene foam and mineral wool.
Reinforcement
After the insulation of the concrete floor in a private house has been carried out, reinforcement can be made. To do this, use steel bars, from which you will need to build a frame. Instead of a metal mesh, you can use a plastic one. The reinforcing frame is placed on stands, the height of which is 3 cm. This will ensure that the frame is located inside the floor. The reinforcing frame made of rods can be welded by yourself.
Installation of rails and installation of formwork
Before pouring the concrete floor in a private house, it is necessary to lay the guides. The room should be marked into equal segments, the width of which does not exceed 2 meters. The entire area is divided using guides. As a rule, they are made from bars and boards. The height of these elements must be at the same level with the zero mark. Fixing guidesproduced on cement mortar. Formwork should be installed between these elements. To do this, use moisture-resistant plywood, but ordinary boards are also suitable. The formwork and guides should be oiled so that they can be easily removed after the mortar has hardened.
Filling the floor
Before you can make concrete floors in a private house, you will need to prepare the concrete. You need to fill it in one, maximum two runs. This requirement is due to the need to create a monolithic structure. To do this, you can order a solution at the factory. If you decide to do the production of the mixture yourself, it is preferable to prepare a concrete mixer. Suitable cement brand M 400 or M 500. It is important to use river sand. You should know not only how to insulate a concrete floor in a private house, but also how to prepare concrete for it. For work, you will need 1 part of cement, sand in the amount of two parts, as well as crushed stone in the amount of four parts. Water should be added in the amount of 0.5 parts.
