The use of information technology (hereinafter referred to as IT) in the modern world occurs in all spheres of human activity. "Smart" systems and programs come to the rescue in accounting and finance, medicine and pedagogy, advertising and cinema, and many others. Information technologies in construction have also brought positive changes in the work of specialists - builders, designers and architects, customers. Computers help from the very beginning, accepting an idea to creating a project, visualizing the result, making calculations and estimates, directly erecting structures and managing the object itself.
CAD
Computer-aided design systems - CAD are used to implement information technologies in construction. With their help, you can perform:
- architectural planning;
- solutionsproject planning tasks;
- design solutions;
- calculate the mechanical characteristics of structures (strength, rigidity, stability, etc.);
- creation of documentation, design, design and estimate;
- managing the construction process itself.
Let's list the most popular programs in construction:
- AutoCAD;
- ArchiCAD;
- Allplan;
- nanoCAD;
- Revit;
- "Compass";
- SCAD Office;
- "PC LIRA" and others.
AutoCAD Brief Tour
AutoCAD - CAD, which is used in their work by builders, architects, and specialists in other industries. The application allows you to create two- and three-dimensional models. With the help of a program that operates with common graphic primitives, drawings and drawing documentation are created. The existing library of elements allows the use of dynamic blocks, if necessary, it is possible to change their parameters. The system can manage printing, including three-dimensional printing.
Special applications based on the program have been created for construction and architecture:
- Architecture - for working with drawings and documents;
- Civil 3D will help with the design of infrastructure, road wiring, land management and landscape;
- Inventor 3D - you can use it when designing complex sections of communications (pipelines, cable systems, etc.).
- Navisworks - checksarchitectural projects.
The service has a paid license for commercial use, free for study and teaching.
ArchiCAD
Considered to be one of the best applications used in building and architectural design. Information technology in construction, thanks to this application, allows you to create a virtual model of real structures, using tools that have real analogues (columns, walls, windows, ceilings, and so on). Documentation is being created in parallel with the project.
Estimate documentation
Information technology in construction helps in the preparation of cost estimates and allows:
- calculate the estimate;
- choose the form of the estimate;
- use knowledge of normative bases, indices, coefficients.
There are dozens of applications that automate these processes. Most Popular:
- "Estimate 2000"\"Resource estimate";
- Smeta.ru;
- "Estimate-2000";
- "Overse";
- "Grand Estimate" and others.
The ability to automatically check calculations and create forms for printing facilitates such work, reduces the time for its creation. Almost completely eliminates the possibility of error.
Programs for integrated management
Existing information technology systems in construction are designed for the integrated management of the enterprise in this industry. Most Popular:
- "1С: Construction organization management";
- "1С: Construction contractor. Construction management";
- "1С: Construction contractor. Financial management".
Systems help in scheduling, monitoring work. It is possible to exchange data with budget and financial programs.
IT in construction - newspaper
Newspaper "Information technologies in construction" - an electronic resource. Published in Moscow, MGK "GRAND MEDIA" since 2005. Since 2011, it has been published in the electronic version. There is an official site. The publication frequency is once a month. "Information Technologies in Construction" is a newspaper popular both among narrow specialists in the construction industry and among service users. We list the main topics.
- Latest construction news.
- Information technology news in the industry.
- Estimate practice, clarifications in working with the Grand Estimate program.
- Regulatory and legal issues in all areas of the construction industry.
In the newspaper you can find interviews with specialists in the construction and automation industry, answers to frequently asked questions by readers.
Information technology in construction, magazine
"Construction Expert" - a portal for specialists in the construction and architectural industry. Exists since 1998. Produces periodicals andspecial publications about all segments of the architectural and construction industry. Its authors are professional architects, designers, builders, businessmen, scientists, teachers, employees of public and government organizations. Among the project partners: the Union of Architects of Russia, the German standard Knauf, Graphisoft ArchiCAD, and many others. Main Sections.
- Articles. Contains international and domestic news in the field of design, facility engineering, construction and more.
- Events. Here you can find information about seminars, sections, congresses dedicated to construction topics.
- Gallery of projects. It has three sections: architecture, interior, landscape. Each section presents cutting-edge projects, their description in each area.
- Professionals. Contains information about specialists involved in construction and architectural activities: in design, construction, science and education, in economics and law, as well as in the media.
- Organizations. The names of the subsections speak for themselves: manufacturers, suppliers, retail chains, government and public authorities in the construction industry.
- Special projects.
- Contests.
Finding the magazine "Information Technologies in Construction" is not difficult, as it has an official website.
BIM - modeling
Modern construction at all stages is a complex of calculations, projects with a huge variety of practical tasks related to materials andstructures, investments and costs. It is not enough for today's customer to get a good, solid building. At a minimum, he wants something non-standard, durable and at minimal cost. The use of information modeling technology in construction helps in solving these and many other problems.
In the course of managing projects for the construction of complex, saturated with a network of communications and technological facilities, a number of problems arise. Most of them can be allowed at the design stage. Most of them can be eliminated. Thanks to the use of BIM technology, the efficiency of interaction between all parts of the process is increased, cost, time and risks are reduced. This is not just a software product - it is a change in the approach to project management.
Building information model is a complex model containing complete graphical and textual information about all elements. The system consists of five basic levels that characterize the development process. From concept to actual state. At various stages, the level of detail sets the required amount of information. Level requirements are cumulative. So the next one automatically contains the predecessor requests.
The main technology is a three-dimensional model. Depending on the tasks to be solved in the course of work, additional vectors are added: 4D - time, 5D - cost, 6D - operation.
Main Benefits of BIM Modeling
Let's list the main advantages of BIM modeling:
- Creation by adding to the basedata of non-standard elements, designations and so on.
- Collaboration between departments and participants of the investment project.
- Parameterization.
- Search for collisions, as a result, their timely elimination.
- Release of any documentation. From design to budget and accounts.
BIM-model - numerical, editable, existing in real time. Despite the relative high cost, the technology is increasingly becoming quite promising for the Russian Federation. This happened due to the fact that the following trends have recently emerged in the field of architecture and construction in Russia:
- Transition to the construction and implementation of very large, complex, so-called mega-projects.
- Introduction of energy efficiency concepts, transition to innovative, energy-saving construction technologies.
- The need to transition in the field of housing and communal services and the management of state property to the latest information technology solutions.
- An increasing number of projects requiring bilateral engagement mechanisms. On the one hand - state structures, on the other - private business.
Information technology in professional activities
The use of IT in the architectural and construction industry requires large investments, both monetary and intellectual. The cost of the programs themselves, the equipment (one 3D printer costs like a spaceship), the training of specialists is quitenot cheap.
Today there are organizations capable of carrying out all types of work, from ideas to legal issues in construction. The best specialists work here and the best, modern and expensive equipment is used. One of such enterprises is LLC NPF "Center for Information Technologies in Construction" in Moscow. Carries out activities related to design, project management, construction control and author's control.
Current IT Situation in Road Construction
Information technology in this area is the subject of discussion in the authorities, among people of science, in the media. In parallel, in the processes of improving the efficiency of urban planning, the issue of the possibility of using BIM technologies not only in the construction of buildings, but also in other industries, in particular, the road industry, is considered separately. Information technologies in the professional activity of road construction make it possible to form all stages and processes as a single unit throughout the entire life cycle of an object. Both at the stage of operation and withdrawal from it, and at the stage of formation of design, estimate and as-built documentation.
BIM and PLM
BIM-information technologies in road construction were ahead of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) technologies, but they "took root" only in mechanical engineering. Since efficient production in this area is the concern of large corporations. And providing the population with quality roads is the prerogative of the state.
The basic principles of BIM are already being implemented to some extentin the technology of information activity of road construction. Together with representatives of science, government, and economic bodies, legislative acts have been adopted that provide for the introduction of technology in the road construction sector of Russia.
IT Security
A set of measures that ensure the protection of data from any impact must be provided and used on all media and systems. Personal data, electronic documents, ideas, developments, mail correspondence with colleagues and partners, financial and accounting files - all this can be of commercial and other interest.
In today's arsenal, the means are presented as physical and organizational, hardware-software, legal. That is, from protection and good doors to the adoption of laws and legislative acts. Information technology protection is a very broad topic and deserves special attention.
In closing
Information technologies are becoming more and more dense in all spheres of human life. Forms and methods are quite diverse. It can be a computer program, an Internet site, social networks, complex both hardware and software multi-complexes designed to solve serious, specific problems. IT also "broke through" into the construction and architectural industry. The presence of modern services can help the work of professionals, the education of students and schoolchildren. The Internet will also help ordinary people doing repairs at home or in the country. IT arsenal is improvingconstantly, more and more new forms are coming, designed to speed up the work, make it perfect, reduce costs and much more.
