Frame houses at the moment are simply very popular with owners of suburban areas. At a low cost, they are distinguished by a mass of undeniable advantages. One of the advantages of such structures is the ease of construction. It is actually quite simple - frame construction. The technology for building houses of this type will be discussed in this article.
Types of frame houses
There are only two main types of such houses. Most often they are built according to Finnish technology. This technique has been known to mankind since the Middle Ages. Finnish houses are built on a wooden frame and insulated with mineral wool. Recently, another technology for the construction of frame buildings, Canadian, is gaining more and more popularity. In this case, SIP panels are used.
How to make a project
Frame construction, the technology of which will be described below, like any other, begins with the preparation of a project. First of all, you will need to decide on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house and itslayout. It is also important to choose the right place for construction. There must be at least 3 m of free space from the building to the neighbor's fence, at least 5 m to the "red" line of the street.
You will also need to choose the right angle of the roof slope. It is determined taking into account the roofing material used, as well as wind and snow loads in this particular region.
Project Includes:
- site plan with the location of the future home marked on it and an indication of the method of supplying communications;
- frontal and profile projections of the building itself;
- home plan;
- sketch or 3D model;
- a table showing all the necessary materials.
Foundation
Frame construction (do-it-yourself or professional technology), like any other, begins with the construction of a solid foundation. Under such houses, strip or pile-grillage foundations are usually installed. The filling is made from a concrete mixture (cement-sand-crushed stone in a ratio of 1:3:5). The work in this case includes the following steps:
- The marking is made according to the "Egyptian triangle" method.
- Digging a trench or holes for poles.
- Sand is poured on the bottom with a layer of 20-25 cm.
- The footing is poured with a layer of about 5 cm.
- Formwork is being installed. For a strip foundation, it can be made of wood, for a columnar foundation - from roofing material.
- The reinforcing cage is connected and installed. It is assembled from a rod 12 mm thick.
- Trench or pitsfilled with concrete. The surface of the laid mixture must be carefully leveled.
Reinforcing bolts are poured in from above. They will be needed to attach the lower harness.
Begin building frame assembly
The construction of the walls begins with the installation of the lower trim. They make it from a bar 100 x 100 or 150 x 150 mm. Then they are attached to the anchor bolts. In the corners, the bars are connected using the "half-tree" method. Before installation, the foundation must be carefully checked for horizontal level. Waterproof it with two layers of roofing material, gluing it to bituminous mastic. At the final stage, lags under the floors are attached to the strapping.
Mounting racks
Finnish frame construction technology is actually a very simple method. After the lower trim is fixed, they proceed, in fact, to the construction of walls. The corner posts are installed first. They can be fixed to the foundation with galvanized steel corners. Next, put intermediate racks. After they are mounted, proceed to the installation of the upper trim. It is also attached to galvanized corners. It will be necessary to fix the floor beams to the strapping.
Assembling the truss system
After the frame of the walls is erected, the installation of the roof begins. Previously, racks are installed in the center of the floor beams. Then they are connected by a ridge run. Then the rafters are cut. Having connected them in pairs, they lift them to the roof and install,fixing over the run. The legs are fixed to the upper harness with nails or corners.
"Pie" walls
Frame construction (walling technology) involves the use of only high-quality modern insulation. It can be bas alt wool or polystyrene foam. The sheathing of the frame is started after the assembly of the truss system. First, from the inside of the building, a vapor barrier film is pulled onto the racks. Next, mount sheets of plywood or OSB. Then, mineral wool slabs are installed between the racks from the outside. At the next stage, a waterproofing film is mounted on top of the insulation. They also attach it to the bars. Next, the walls are sheathed with siding or clapboard.
Roof sheathing
Installation of the roof begins with attaching the waterproofing to the rafters. The film is fixed horizontally with a slight sag. Next, the crate is stuffed, and the roofing material itself is mounted on it.
Frame construction: technology from Canada
When assembling buildings using Canadian technology, the foundation and roof are erected in exactly the same way. After pouring the foundation, logs are placed on it, and already on them - floor SIP panels. They are fastened to self-tapping screws, and the gaps between them are foamed.
Next, a strapping beam is attached to the finished floors. To do this, a hole is drilled through it and the panels in the foundation. Fastening is carried out on anchor bolts. The first panel is mounted from the corner of the house. It is leveled and attached to the strapping beam with self-tapping screws (along the ledge of the OSB plate). Further along the corner - under the straight lineangle to the first - install the second panel. Then, in the same way, the remaining parts of the walls are collected. The ends of the panels are foamed before installation. They are connected to each other with self-tapping screws (220 mm). From above, the ends of the panels are closed with strapping boards.
Frame-monolithic construction technology
Houses with several floors can be built in a slightly different way. In this case, just like in the construction of buildings using Finnish technology, the frame is first assembled, and the sheathing is used as a formwork for pouring concrete or foam concrete mixture. The cladding of such houses is usually a ventilated facade. At the same time, siding or lining is most often used as a fine finish.
As you can see, the Canadian technology for building frame houses, like Finnish or monolithic, is not particularly difficult. If you want to build such a building will not be too difficult.
