Attention! In order to find out the standard values, you need to refer to SNiP 23-01-99 - Building climatology (SNiP 2.01.01-82 replaced). The article is for general information only.
What is building climatology?
Building physics is an integrated combination of technical disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, climatology, ecology and many others. Accordingly, building climatology is one of the sections of this science dealing with construction issues. Namely:
- studying the influence of climate on the comfort of human life;
- reviewing options for using climatic features to reduce the energy needs of the building;
- the location of a single building or an entire building relative to the cardinal points;
- taking into account the amount of precipitation, prevailing wind directions, etc.
Thanks to the acquired knowledge, more rational use of natural energy, territory, material and technical resources, etc. is possible
Building climatology uses the following strategies:
- Creating a shadow. Two approaches can be applied here. Either the orientation of the building in an optimal way, or, if the former is not possible, the use of sun protection devices.
- The use of solar energy. This includes solar panels, skylights, etc.
- Using ventilation. Provide natural ventilation or use forced ventilation.
- The device of heat-retaining fences. This includes building insulation.
- Using water for evaporative cooling.
The above strategies contribute to a more rational use of resources and increase the comfort of being in a building. Building climatology and geophysics provide an opportunity to reduce the amount of technical equipment required, leading to savings in operating costs.
In order to achieve the desired result, the use of climate modeling is required in the process of creating a project that takes into account all natural factors and phenomena.
Despite the current SNiP "Construction Climatology", in the territory of Russia and the CIS countries, climatic opportunities are used insignificantly. Often this is due to the fact that, despite the subsequent savings, a significant initial investment is required at the initial stage. While abroad, energy-passive construction comes out on top in terms of importance and demand.
Passive energy efficiency measures include:
- use of renewable energy sources;
- climate adaptation of architecture;
- use of energy-passive glazing, enclosing structures, etc.
It should be noted that according to all forecasts regarding energy, energy-passive construction and the widespread use of building climatology have a great future and are becoming more and more in demand.
