When the construction of the house is almost completed, they move on to the arrangement of the sewerage system. Any flaws in the design or installation process can lead to the formation of unpleasant sewer odors. To avoid this, you will need to install a powerful ventilation system. As such, the so-called fan pipe is used. Let's see what it is, how it works, how to install it.
Characteristic
What is a fan pipe? It is part of the sewer system that connects the sewer and the atmosphere. Most often, most projects use the popular scheme, where the ventilation pipe is brought up to the street through the roof.
The pipe is one of the branches of the sewer system. It goes through all the floors of the house. On the roof, the fan pipe is covered with a fungus so that various debris, as well as rain and snow, do not get inside.
Purpose
Sewage in the sewer is movingalways top to bottom. If you start draining water at one of the points, then it will go further along the pipeline. If drains come from several places at the same time, then the sewer riser will be filled.
This causes a vacuum to form in the system. Due to rarefaction, the water in the hydraulic seals will begin to leave. This is what will cause an unpleasant smell if such a pipe is not equipped in the house.
If there is a fan pipe, then air will enter the system through it. This will stabilize the pressure. Water seals will be where they should be, and the smell will not enter the room.
Sewerage with such a pipe is used to remove gases that accumulate in the system. Another design serves to stabilize the pressure in the system, as well as to protect against water seals. The pipe allows you to ensure the normal operation of the sewer.
When a pipe is needed
Based on SNiPs, in low-rise buildings, and these are one-story and two-story houses, the sewer system scheme does not have to include a fan ventilation pipe. The reason for this is as follows. In buildings, the volume of drains that merge at the same time is very small. Even if all plumbing fixtures are used, it will not be possible to completely block and fill the sewer riser. This is only possible in rare cases.
In private housing construction, a fan pipe is needed (including in a multi-storey building). If the house has two or more floors and each has several plumbing fixtures (tofor example, a toilet and a bathroom), such a system is simply necessary. Also, ventilation is indispensable when the house has more than two bathrooms and they can be used simultaneously. Even the installation of ventilation is mandatory for houses with swimming pools or any other source of a huge amount of drains. A pipe is also needed with small diameters of the sewer riser, as well as if there is a septic tank or cesspool near the house.
When you can do without fan ventilation
In the case when the house has one floor and there is one toilet bowl and a bathroom, then you can not equip a ventilated riser. Sometimes it may be necessary to install a special sewer valve, such solutions are more relevant for cottages and cottages.
Fan ventilation pipes in the apartment
In multi-storey buildings, this design is a necessary part of the sewerage system. Such a ventilation system is simply a must. Even in a five-story apartment building, the amount of drains is very high (especially in the morning, evening and on weekends).
How to choose the right one?
Before installing the riser or replacing it with a new one, it is necessary to choose the right ventilation pipe. Even minor errors and miscalculations can lead to the fact that the system may not work properly. There are several important parameters - this is the diameter, length, and material.
Size
If the sewer pipeline is made of cast iron, then it is logical that the ventilation system should be made of the same material. If all the elements are plastic, then the ventilation pipe for the sewer must be made ofplastic. The use of other materials is prohibited. The size of the fan pipe can be from 110 millimeters or more for plastic, as well as 100 millimeters for cast iron. Picking the size is easy enough. There is one rule: the size of the toilet outlet should not be larger than the diameter of the ventilation pipe or riser.
The situation with the size is easier if there is a fecal pump in the sewer system. It is installed in the case when wastewater cannot leave the system by gravity. Such situations occur when the septic tank is higher than the sewer outlet from the building.
If there is a fecal pump with a grinder, it can draw waste from small pipes. At the same time, blockages inside are completely excluded. When the sewer is equipped with such a device, the fan pipe can have a diameter of 50 millimeters. If there is a large element, then you can install it.
The most suitable sizes for a small dacha or cottage are diameters of 50, 90, 100 millimeters. This is enough if the riser has a diameter of 100 millimeters, the sink has a drain pipe diameter of 50 millimeters, there is a washing machine and a shower or shower drain.
Shape
The choice also depends on whether a place is available for installation and subsequent maintenance. The shape and size of the pipeline must be taken into account. In places where access is difficult, pipes with a curved shape are most often installed, as well as various adapters and knee structures. in fairly spaciousindoors, you can use an ordinary direct design.
Materials
On sale you can find products for arranging a sewer pipe made of polymeric materials, as well as metal. What's better? Let's consider each type separately.
Polymer systems
This is the easiest, most affordable and durable option. Polymeric products have a lot of advantages. But she also has flaws.
Polymer products are presented in a very rich assortment. These are mainly pipes made of PVC, HDPE, LDPE, as well as polypropylene products, which differ in shape, diameter, color and configuration.
Plastic sewer pipes are offered at a very affordable price, and this is an important advantage for arranging sewerage in private construction.
Another plus is the weight. The mass of the entire structure will be insignificant. Also, the light weight greatly simplifies the process of transportation. In addition, plastic facilitates installation due to the need for a small amount of tools. Installing such a system is much easier, it can even be done by hand. At the same time, the cost of funds will be minimal.
The main disadvantage of polymer pipes is their strong susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. This significantly reduces the service life if the installation is carried out in an open way. You can also highlight the low level of strength and vulnerability to mechanical damage.
Metal products
Metal systems in furnishingsewer systems in private buildings and large apartment buildings have been used for a very long time and do not lose their relevance even now. This is due to the following benefits and positive features:
- Cast iron alloys have a high level of strength. Due to the rigidity of the metal structure, safe and uninterrupted operation of the structure is ensured for a sufficiently long period.
- Cast iron and metal pipes can be used in regions where climatic conditions are quite unfavorable. The metal steadily withstands various kinds of mechanical damage and serious external loads.
- Metal fan pipe in a private house is not susceptible to ultraviolet radiation. The product can be mounted for long-term subsequent operation.
The disadvantage is considered to be inherent in any metal products predisposition of cast iron to corrosion. To protect the pipe, the metal must be treated in a special way. As this, spraying or galvanizing is used. Another significant disadvantage is the large mass and high cost.
To equip a sewer pipe for sewage, it is necessary to purchase not only the product itself, but also a large number of various fittings. During the installation process, special equipment is used.
How do I know if there is such a pipe in the house?
If the construction of the house is not carried out, but instead a finished building is purchased, it is best to make sure in advance whether there is a sewerventilation. To do this, just flush the toilet. If the sound is squelching or sucking, then the pipe is either missing or clogged. In the latter case, she needs a purge.
Installation rules
There are certain requirements for the installation of fan pipes. The outlet of the riser should not be output to the attic, but directly to the atmosphere, to the street. If gases from the sewer go into the attic, this will cause an unpleasant odor and increased humidity.
The riser must be no smaller than the sewer. If the dimensions of the ventilation pipe are larger, then there is nothing to worry about.
The outlet of the ventilation product must not be close to walls or near other structures (such as balconies or windows). Violation of this requirement will lead to stains on the walls and an unpleasant odor. In winter, the outlets of ventilation products can be damaged if they go under the roof overhang. The sewer pipe for sewerage in a private household should be one. It includes all the points from where the drains will go. There must be a temperature difference between the lower and upper points. It should be warm at the top and cold at the bottom. The riser can be laid in the ventilation shaft. But at the same time, it should not be connected in any way with ventilation channels in living rooms and with chimneys. It is allowed to connect several sewer pipes to one riser.
Schemes
Depending on the output direction, the system can be equipped according to two popular schemes:
- Horizontal way. It provides that the pipe is not led out through the roof, but through the wall. This is done on relatively rare occasions. And you can use such a scheme only in private housing construction. A grate is installed on the pipe hole.
- Vertical pipe installation is used in most cases. Here, the pipe riser is brought out only vertically and only upwards. You can make an exit with a slope at a right angle. From the riser, a branch is made at a right angle, from which another branch is made. Then a straight section goes from it, which will go into the hole above the roof. You can draw a conclusion and at an angle. In this case, the retraction is performed at 45 degrees, from it - another similar retraction, and then a straight section. By the way, the ventilation pipe can be extended to the hole in the roof.
How to get out through the roof?
The section of the ventilation riser that is above the roof must also meet the requirements. The height of the pipe above the material of the operated roof must be at least three meters. The position above a flat roof that is not in use is not less than 30 centimeters. The height of the pipe on the pitched roof must be more than 50 centimeters.
The output is always covered by a deflector. It is necessary so that debris, birds, insects, snow and rain do not get inside.
If it is possible to bring the line through the pediment, then it is advisable to do just that, and not use the method with the output through the roof. So you can save time and not sealroofing materials. Also, with this approach, it will be easier to replace the fan pipes.
