The need for an outdoor toilet occurs quite often. After all, not everyone has a dacha - this is a small piece of land and a capital house, which has all the amenities. Sometimes even with water there are difficulties. Therefore, on the street you can equip the toilet and use it for its intended purpose. If desired, it can be combined with a shower - all waste will merge into one pit.
Carefully study your site to determine where you can install a toilet. After that, you can proceed to the choice of design. You can buy a ready-made house, but it is better and cheaper to make it yourself.
Types of toilets
Even if your summer cottage is ennobled, there is a convenient toilet in the house, the toilet still does not hurt on the street. Several types of structures can be distinguished:
- Powder closets.
- With a cesspool.
- Play closets.
- Biotoilets.
- Peat systems.
- Chemical toilets.
The main thing when choosing an outdoor toilet is to take into account the level of groundwater. If they are ondepth over 2.5 m and do not rise even in the rain, it is allowed to install any of the listed toilets. But if the groundwater is high, a cesspool cannot be made. Now let's take a closer look at all the designs of street toilets.
Sinkhole
This is the oldest and proven design of street toilets over the years. This is a simple pit, the depth of which is about 1.5 meters. On top of this hole is a house. In the pit there is an accumulation of sewage, which gradually decompose. With frequent use of the toilet, sewage cannot quickly ferment, filling occurs. If the territory is large, then the problem is solved simply - a new hole is dug out and a house is transferred to it. The old pit is being dug in.
But if the territory is small, then you have to pump out the waste with the help of a sewage truck or by hand. In this article, we will look at how to build an outdoor toilet with your own hands and what requirements you need to follow.
Powder closet and backlash closet
Powder closet is an ideal toilet design for use in areas where groundwater is very close to the surface. The difference is that instead of a cesspool, a container (barrel, bucket, box) is used. This container is placed directly under the toilet seat. To get rid of an unpleasant smell (as you know, it is especially strong in the warm season), sewage should be sprinkled with dry peat, ash, or even sawdust. The process is similar to powdering, hence the beautiful name.
Play-closets are distinguished by the fact that the cesspool is completely sealed. It sometimes needs to be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. As a rule, such structures are installed next to one of the outer walls of the house from the inside. But the cesspool is located outside the house, waste enters it through a pipe. It is difficult to call such a toilet outdoor, since, in fact, it is located inside the house.
Chemical, peat and dry closet
Everyone is probably familiar with such a marvel of engineering as a dry closet - a blue booth with a container inside. Microorganisms are poured into it, which actively process sewage. This is the simplest design, since you don’t have to build anything - the structure is already ready and all that remains is to fill the container with bacteria. There are many types of dry closets, both outdoor and indoor. Waste after treatment with bacteria can be thrown into the soil, they are good fertilizers. You can put a toilet bowl in a house for a country street toilet - put peat instead of water in its tank, which will be sprinkled with sewage.
Chemical is not much different from the dry closet discussed above. To get rid of sewage, not bacteria, but chemicals are used. For this reason, waste products must be disposed of in a special way, you can’t just throw them into the garden. Of particular note are the peat toilets. This is a simple toilet, but in the tank it does not have water, but peat. It is allowed to install such a design inside the house, since there is a ventilation system in the toilet - this avoidsforeign odors.
Where should the toilet be placed?
Please note that toilets must be placed according to all the rules. There are a large number of restrictions, we highlight the main ones:
- The distance to the nearest water source should be at least 25 m. Water sources include wells, rivers, lakes, and other objects.
- Between the house, basement, cellar, you need to maintain a distance of at least 12 m.
- From a summer shower, sauna or bath - over 8 m.
- From sheds to toilet - 4 m.
- To a bush - more than 1 m, to a tree - 4 m.
- Keep in mind the direction of the wind so that an unpleasant smell does not go to your house or to your neighbors.
- When groundwater is below 2.5 m, it is allowed to install a toilet with a cesspool. If above water, then a cesspool cannot be made.
- The door should never open to neighbors.
Pay attention to the fact that when choosing a place, you need to look at the objects that are located not only on your site, but also on the neighboring one. And that goes for fences, bushes, wells, etc.
Simple powder closet
Everyone can make their own toilet - after all, everyone was taught to work with carpentry tools in schools. If you didn’t skip labor lessons, then even with a minimal set of tools you will assemble a good toilet design. A simple powder closet can be made in just a few hours if you have everything you need.
Such toilets can be placed near the house, as there is no cesspool. The construction technology is very simple, and the probability of groundwater pollution is extremely small. Such outdoor toilets for summer cottages will come in handy, because they are easy to use and build.
Construction should start with a clean sheet of paper. It depicts a drawing on which you mark all the elements. You should not do everything by eye, otherwise the design will not be very even. You only need to make a house - all sewage is collected in containers. The size of the cubicle should be such that it is convenient to use the toilet. Most often, a square-shaped structure is made 1.5 x 1.5 m, 1 m deep, 2.2 m high. If necessary, the dimensions can be increased. The most popular materials are wood, metal profiles, slate, brick.
Support and foundation of the toilet
When building a toilet, there is no need to make a strong and heavy foundation. If the toilet is wooden or from a metal profile, then it is enough to bury a few pillars on which to put the entire structure.
Moreover, you can use both concrete poles and wooden beams. Wooden outdoor toilets are very popular. The procedure for making them is something like this:
- Mark the site - determine the corners of the future building.
- 4 asbestos pipes must be treated with bitumen-based mastic. Pipe diameter not less than 150 mm.
- In the corners of the house it is necessary to dig wells and deepen the pipes by 50 cm.necessary, pipes can be laid to a greater depth. It depends on the type of soil.
- At a third of the depth, the pillars are poured with concrete mortar. Get rid of all air bubbles.
- Inside the pipes, install supports made of wood or concrete. To fix them, fill them with a cement solution.
If you drive the supports 2, 3 meters above ground level, then they can be used as the basis of the frame. But you can make a frame yourself from pipes or timber. From such material, you can make an outdoor country toilet literally in a matter of hours.
Making the frame
We will look at how to make a toilet out of a 50 x 50 mm timber. 80mm x 80mm media can be used.
Pretty strong structures can be made from a metal corner or a profile pipe. Brief design description:
- Main bearing supports in the amount of four pieces.
- Tie for the top (roof). It is necessary that the bars protrude approximately 30 cm beyond the front and back of the toilet. Ahead you get a canopy that will serve as a visor. And in the back, due to the slope, rainwater will be diverted away from the frame.
- Tie around the toilet seat. The bars are fixed to vertical supports. The toilet seat should be about 40 cm from the floor.
- To make a solid frame, install diagonal bars on the side and back walls. Photos of outdoor toilets of this design can be seen in our article.
- Frameworkto install the door. Two supports are installed with a height of no more than 1.9 m. A jumper is placed on top.
Calculate how high the toilet seat should be. Setting the seat too high will make it uncomfortable to use.
Hull and roof lining, door installation
Next, the entire frame needs to be sheathed. For sheathing, it is best to use wooden boards (thickness 15-25 mm). It is allowed to use lining, metal sheets. Fastening is done with nails or self-tapping screws. It is just as easy to work with corrugated board as with wood - in addition, the cost of the material is much less. You will need only three sheets for covering the back and side walls. The fourth sheet will be required for roofing. But you can make a roof from any other material - shingles, slate, etc.
A hole is made on the roof, on which the pipe is installed, it is carefully sealed. If you decide to make a roof out of wood, then cover it with roofing material on top to protect the material from moisture. As you understand, you can make a street toilet with your own hands from any material. The main thing is to assemble everything correctly.
