Owners of private residential buildings are well aware that in order to keep the building itself and the surrounding area in good condition, a number of communications are required. In this case, it is very important to note the importance that the drainage system has on the site.
General information
In any case, the building must be protected from flooding by groundwater and atmospheric water. For this reason, a drainage system around the house is certainly essential. Next, we'll figure out how to equip it.
Preparatory stage
Before you start building a house, you need to analyze the soil on which construction is planned. This determines the optimal choice of foundation for the structure. According to the information received, it will be possible to conclude whether a drainage system is needed around the house.
When is drainage needed?
Many people ask: "When is a drainage system around the house necessary?" This is necessary if the buildinglocated in an area where there is a high level of groundwater. Also, a drainage system around the house will be needed in areas where the soil contains a lot of clay. The fact is that it interferes with the outflow of melt and rainwater.
Common Consequences
Excess moisture can significantly damage the foundation. The result of such a problem is the subsidence of the walls and the inability to open or close doors and windows normally. The constant dampness of the foundation eventually leads to the appearance of mold and fungus. This greatly contributes to the destruction of the entire structure. In addition, residents can acquire various diseases.
Decision making
Many people face the problem of basement flooding. In many cases, the only solution is a foundation drainage system. In general, it is not difficult to equip it with your own hands. However, it is worth considering that for its high-quality and reliable construction, you should know the technology of work. In some cases, a strong blind area may well protect the walls of the house and its foundation from the harmful effects of moisture. However, sometimes its arrangement does not become a significant barrier to groundwater. In this case, a foundation drainage system is required. Thus, water will be diverted away from housing. Before you begin to build a foundation drainage system with your own hands, you need to decide on its type. There are trench, vertical and open structures.
Easy option
The open drainage system is considered the easiest to arrange.
The construction scheme is as follows. For installation, it is required to designate the perimeter and dig a drainage ditch along it. Its functional purpose is to collect rainwater from the site. Open ditches are good in areas that are located on a flat area where there are no pronounced slopes. This is especially true in cases where the drainage system of a private house is being equipped using pipes. Water that collects in ditches is drained away or evaporates over time.
Vertical type
This drainage is often called wall drainage. The fact is that its purpose is to drain water directly from the foundation of the house. This prevents flooding of the basement of the structure. In this case, the pipes should be located below the floor level. This type is very similar to an open system. However, there are also differences. Before such a do-it-yourself drainage system of the site is arranged, the lower part of the residential building must be dug out to the width of the pit. There is also a need to install a clay castle. Its width is 0.5-1 m. In this case, the amount of work increases somewhat, as it is supplemented with earthworks.
Trench type
Laying drainage pipes is the most common option due to its high efficiency. They are made from different materials. However, experts allocate a special drainage perforated pipe. Heruse has many advantages, such as:
- Easy and quick installation of drainage piping.
- No technical restrictions for installation work.
- No need for additional fittings and other elements.
Preliminary work
Before installing drainage, several preparatory measures are required:
- First of all, it is necessary to prime the outer surface of the base of the building. For this, a bitumen-kerosene solution is used.
- A layer of mastic is applied on top. It must be bituminous. This is done with a spatula.
- Without waiting for the mastic to dry, it is necessary to drown a reinforced fiberglass mesh in it. We are talking about ordinary plaster and painting cells - 2 x 2 mm.
- The first layer of coating will dry in about a day. Then the surface is again treated with mastic. Thus, the reinforcing mesh will be completely hidden.
Trench-type drainage involves the use of special pipes. Therefore, this option is the most complex and costly. He should be given special attention.
Details of arrangement
You need to start by preparing the foundation. All height differences are very carefully measured using a laser level. After that, the poles must be installed at the appropriate points. Sand is poured over the marks. This provides the required slope for the pipeline. Through these activities,proper drainage of water into the receiving ditch. It is mainly located in a specially constructed drainage well or in a remote location.
Working algorithm
Special geotextile fabric is laid on a pre-prepared base. Washed gravel should be poured over it. Slope must be monitored. A groove needs to be made in the gravel layer. There you need to lay a drainage perforated pipe. Be aware of the depth of the ditch. It should be below the freezing level of the soil. In addition to perforated pipes, solid pipes are also laid in ditches. This is done to divert water that flows from the adjacent areas. These include, in particular, surfaces covered with ceramic tiles, asph alt, concrete, and so on, or the roof of a structure. So, a common drainage system is formed. It is natural that some homeowners will want to save on pipes and use only perforated ones, where the water will be discharged from outside. However, this should not be done. This situation can lead to constant blockage by rainwater, which washes away a large amount of earth, sand and various debris from adjacent areas and roofs. Thus, perforated pipes will clog with sediment soon enough. After that, the drainage system will no longer be able to function normally and will fail.
Required Materials
Plastic pipes are most often used to drain water from the site. Fittings, as well as additional structuresare used to connect the remaining parts and their output to a special well. The advantage of these pipes is their anti-corrosion properties. They provide a long service life.
Self-made perforated pipe
Requires a PVC element, which is designed for sewerage. Holes should be drilled in the walls of this pipe. Their dimensions should be smaller than the gravel fractions. After that, the drainage pipes must be connected. Then you need to check the overall slope. The recommended limit is 1 cm per rm. A stretched cord is required to determine the uniformity of the angle. Vertical pipes must be built into each turn of the pipeline. If necessary, they will allow you to flush the drainage system. These pipes are always closed with tight caps. Their height should reach the blind areas of the site or building. It is necessary to carefully wrap the pipes with geotextiles. Passing gaps is not allowed. Otherwise soil may enter the system. The material must be fixed on the pipes. For this, nylon or polypropylene twine is used. It is also necessary to increase the filtering surface of the drainage. It is covered with a layer of gravel (up to 20 cm). Next, coarse river sand is used. It is a non-porous backfill soil. The sand serves as a drainage filter with a very high throughput.
Well construction
It is necessary to install the junction of the drainage branches. The collection well mustset up right there. For this, it is best to use reinforced concrete rings. If the owners have the time and desire, they can "pour out" the walls of the well on their own. This will require a concrete solution and a reinforcing mesh. The soil for the base must be selected at the intersection of the drainage pipes. In order to close it, you need a cast-iron hatch. The latter can be made from other durable materials. During work on backfilling, insulation of the sewer outlet is a prerequisite. For this, it is best to use foam. Its thickness must be at least 25 cm.
Conclusion
Thus, we can say that there are no particular difficulties in the independent arrangement of the drainage system. First of all, you should pay close attention to the correctness of the preliminary calculations. Thanks to this, the right amount of consumables will be purchased. In the process of the work itself, it is necessary to carefully monitor compliance with the required slope.
Price aspects
This question is primarily of concern to those who are going to order a drainage system around their home. Pricing policy may vary. The cost is set per linear meter of laid pipe (or 1 m3 excavated soil). It is also necessary not to forget about the concept of "turnkey". This will mean that the final price includes labor and materials. Approximate cost of drainage system around the house:
- "Turnkey" - 2000 rubles (for 1 m3).
- Wall drainage up to 2.5 m – 5500 rubles
- Arrangement of a well - up to 30 thousand rubles.
