Installation of the ceiling-through node requires certain skills and abilities from the performer. Home masters with insufficient experience can make a number of serious mistakes. And what is characteristic, most of them are at the exit of the chimney from the wall or the intersection with the roof.
It should be noted that this node is very responsible and any mistake in its installation can lead to various undesirable consequences, including fire and fire.
Varieties
Chimney pipes can be classified into several types depending on their location:
- Indigenous - located at some distance from the furnace and connected to it through a sleeve. This option is convenient due to the fact that the chimney can be connected to several stoves.
- Wall - in most cases they are built into the main wall, but in somecases they are allowed along it.
- On-mounted - built on top of the oven.
Thus, how exactly the PPU pipe coming from the furnace is arranged will also depend on its passage through the walls or ceiling. But in most cases, wall-mounted chimneys are preferred.
Rules to follow
As noted above, the installation of the chimney does not allow negligence and must be carried out with all responsibility. To do this, it is worth considering a number of rules:
- Before installing the chimney, it is necessary to carefully plan its location so as not to damage the main components of the roof. In addition, there should be no more than 3 turns.
- The length of the horizontal section of the pipe coming from the furnace should not exceed 1 meter.
- When installing a metal pipe, it is necessary to provide a gap to flammable finishing elements (from 1.5 meters, at least).
- The chimney must be installed in such a way that its cut is not facing the leeward side. Otherwise, the force of natural traction will be noticeably reduced.
- It must be possible to clean the pipe in the chimney. This is a very important condition.
As professionals note, single-wall PPU pipes must be additionally protected with heat-insulating material.
In this case, the outside of the heat-insulating layer must, in turn, be protected by a metal casing (made of galvanized steel). This will prevent fire and condensation. Which materials can be used will be discussed in the next section.
Using bas alt wool
Stone wool can be used as a heat insulator, but before buying, you need to make sure that it can withstand high temperatures (more than 600 ° C). Many experts tend to agree that this is not the best option. And there is a definite explanation for this.
The fact is that during the manufacture of this insulation, resins are used as a binder, which, under the influence of high temperature, begin to release formaldehyde.
Besides this, after fixing the ceiling-through unit, condensation sometimes forms in the chimney, and when moisture interacts with mineral wool, its heat-shielding properties are lost. These qualities can be restored as moisture evaporates, but only partially.
Sand
Until recently, sand was used for these purposes. However, this option had a significant drawback due to the peculiarity of the material - fine grain. Therefore, over the period of operation, the sand woke up through small cracks.
In this regard, the stove had to be periodically cleaned and the knot refilled again.
Clay
You can also use clay. Just before that, it must be diluted until it acquires a pasty consistency. After that, the resulting mass closes up the entire requiredgap.
Expanded clay
This is the best option among all possible for a ceiling-through unit with insulation. The space is filled with expanded clay of small or medium fraction. It is known to many professional builders as a natural material that is lightweight. And its advantage lies in the fact that even after getting wet, it is able to restore its properties.
Other ways to avoid severe overheating
As some owners of private real estate note, it makes no sense to carry out thermal insulation of the passage node. In their humble opinion, you can do without it. In addition, if the space is not filled with anything, this will prevent overheating and burning of a certain part of the chimney. And due to the ventilation created in this place, the pipe section will cool much faster.
In fact, this version of the organization of the ceiling-through node can be successfully challenged. The thing is that a hot pipe radiates heat, due to which a nearby tree begins to dry, which in the end does not benefit the material. Ignition can occur even at lower temperatures (+ 50°C). Therefore, it is necessary to take care of the necessary measures, for which resort to several methods:
- Installing a water jacket on the chimney - the heated liquid can be used for heating. Only it will be necessary to install a special tank and draw water out of the pipes.
- You can simply install only one container, where the water will be heated. You just need to make sure that it does not boil, and alsoperiodically drain and add fluid.
Ultimately, the temperature in the chimney can be significantly reduced, as well as the risk of fire in building materials.
In addition to water, you can resort to air cooling of the ceiling-through unit. To do this, another pipe must be placed on top of the chimney (so that one is in the other). And in their upper and lower parts, a grate should be placed for the passage of air flow.
Metal knot
To date, sandwich pipes are widely used. In fact, these are two metal cylinders of different diameters, inserted one into the other.
But how to do everything? The work will be carried out as follows:
- First you need to purchase a ready-made metal pipe, which is otherwise called a box due to the characteristic shape of the cube. It can also be made independently from galvanized iron, taking into account the diameter of the pipe and the thickness of the floor material. In this case, the diameter of the hole should be slightly smaller than the dimensions of the chimney of the ceiling-through unit.
- The next step is to prepare the pipe for installation. Due to the thinness of the metal, it is not able to isolate the heated chimney from combustible material. To do this, you can use bas alt fiber with a foil surface. It is glued to the inner walls of the box, as well as to those parts that will be in contact with the ceiling.
- A place is marked on the ceiling, which is subsequently cut with a jigsaw.
- Nowyou can install the box.
- A special metal panel (often made of stainless steel) should be fixed on the ceiling with a hole cut in the middle, and its diameter should correspond to the size of the circle in the box.
- At the final stage of arranging the ceiling-through unit, you should arrange a chimney on the floor of the second floor (if it is a house) or attic (be it a one-story house or a bathhouse). This is done using the same panel or metal sheet with a hole cut out in the middle.
- The location of the pipe must be calculated in such a way that the joint of its two parts does not fall on the inner cavity of the box, which is already located in the ceiling. It must be below or above.
As previously noted, instead of bas alt fiber, it is better to use other materials - sand (although not the best option), clay, expanded clay.
The material will serve not only as a heater, but will also be a good heat insulator.
Gypsum board box
In this case, the instructions for installing the ceiling-through unit look the same as with the metal box, except that other materials are used. The procedure itself is as follows:
- In the ceiling, it is necessary to equip a square-shaped hole. In this case, the distance from the ceiling walls to the pipe surface must be at least 200-250 mm.
- Using heat-resistant drywall, make a tall box. It will close the pipe from overlapping.
- Soon the side of the ceiling, a metal sheet with a circle in the middle (according to the diameter of the chimney) is also fixed on the hole made.
- A metal pipe is pushed through the sheet.
- In the interfloor ceiling, a heat insulator is laid along the entire perimeter and at the entire height of the box.
As noted earlier, expanded clay and other materials can be used instead of mineral wool during the installation of the ceiling-through unit.
Removing the chimney to the street
If the outer walls of a house or a bath are made of brick or other non-combustible material, then it is not so difficult to bring a chimney through them. To do this, a through hole of a round shape is made, subsequently a metal sleeve is installed there.
But in the case when the opening is made perfectly round in exact accordance with the size of the sandwich, you can do without this element. Also, it will not be possible to insert a sleeve if the chimney passes through the wall at an angle other than a straight one.
During the installation of the gas outlet pipe, one should not forget that its joints should not be in the thickness of the ceiling. Existing gaps must be filled with the selected non-combustible sealant. By and large, the installation of a ceiling-through unit for a bath or house comes down to installing a pipe in the wall and connecting it to a vertical chimney.
At the same time, if the house is built of wood or frame technology, then you should be guided by the same rules as the arrangement of the chimney through the ceilingoverlap. In other words, here you should also make an opening, but already in the wall and install a finished box or make it yourself. Then fill the inner cavity with a heat insulator and close it on both sides with metal sheets (made of galvanized iron).
A number of rules for fastening the passage
To properly install a metal chimney to the wall, you must follow simple rules:
- For a pipe with a tee and a condensate drain at the bottom, it is best to use a special bracket.
- When installing sections one inside the other, the chimney should be fixed to the wall with clamps every meter.
- You need to make sure that the fasteners do not coincide with the joints of the sections.
- When bypassing the roof overhang, it is necessary to use knees, the angle of which is only 30° or 45°.
If the installation of the drainage system has not yet been completed, then you should leave room for laying the gutter using fasteners of a suitable length.
As a conclusion
It is necessary to approach the installation of the ceiling-through unit (PPU) with all responsibility. During operation or during operation, fire hazard situations may occur. When the stove is in operation, nearby areas on the wall or ceiling (depending on the chosen method of installing the chimney) will become very hot. And if you do not take appropriate fire safety measures, then fire cannot be avoided.
This is what this article was devoted to, which shows the needarranging a passage node in the ceiling or wall. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the recommended distances relative to the floor material.
