Operation of a country house is impossible without the organization of systems to support proper sanitary and hygienic conditions. In this regard, sewerage occupies a key place among engineering and communication systems. A waste disposal line can be organized without a local sewage system if there is a main network near the house. In other cases, it is required to create your own wastewater collection and treatment area, the basis of which is formed by a septic tank and related communications.
Capacity in the septic system
Septic tanks as such are a kind of autonomous sewage. At the same time, they are responsible not only for the removal of effluents, but can also purify incoming waste, recycle and simply perform a cumulative function.
The simplest models act as storage tanks, which are emptied by sewage trucks as they fill up. The entire complex is formed by only two main components - a sewer infrastructure with plumbing elements such as collectors, pipes and fittings, as well as a receiver chamber. The latter is a container for collecting sewage and household waste.
From home or elsewherecollection, the target products are sent through the sewer channel to the septic tanks installed on the site. In the country, you can get by with the simplest structures of a small volume without fine cleaning. However, in a permanent residence, it is recommended to purchase multi-stage filtration devices. They are beneficial not only for economic reasons, but also in terms of simplified maintenance technology. However, the nuances of the operation of containers with different degrees of purification will be discussed below.
Capacity classifications
Reservoirs may differ in the same wastewater treatment technology, material of manufacture, volume and design. As for the treatment approach, the extreme positions in the segment according to this selection criterion are occupied by simple storage tanks and systems of anaerobic biological water treatment.
The material of manufacture is mainly represented by plastic, but metal tanks are also used in certain operating conditions. In turn, containers for a septic tank made of polyethylene are considered the most profitable solution for domestic use.
The volume of septic tanks can be different - from 150 to 500 liters on average. There are fundamentally different models for the same dachas (the smallest ones with a volume of about 100-150 liters), for cottages and small country houses and for servicing several objects at the same time.
The design also determines the possibilities for installing the tank - cubic, cylindrical, rectangular and spherical models are offered on the market. Choose one ora different version of the tank for a septic tank follows, based on the location and method of connection with communications.
Storage tanks
Basic solution, which can be called a direct continuation of the cesspool concept. The main difference is the complete tightness of the tank, while the pit, in accordance with the standards, can only be used in cases where the volume of waste does not exceed 1 m3 per day, precisely because of the contact of wastewater with soil cover. Septic tanks do not assume that sewage will have even the slightest contact with the soil, and are intended only for temporary collection of waste products before the arrival of the sewer.
Mounting such a container for a septic tank is the easiest, as it is the most modest in size, lightweight and undemanding in maintenance. But these benefits are overshadowed by the need to frequently seek help from the aforementioned sewage services.
Tanning tanks
Class of containers from which the provision of the cleaning function begins. Standard solutions in the middle segment are tanks that perform basic filtration and post-treatment. At the first stage, biological preparations are cleaned, as a result of which heavy fractions settle to the bottom of a separate chamber. The emptying of accumulated heavy masses is carried out approximately once every 1-2 years.
As for the liquid, it is already fermented in another chamber using special bacteria. The result is clarified filtered water, however,it cannot be directly dumped into the ground. The final purification stage is carried out in a special filter absorption chamber. At this stage, it is important to emphasize the interface of the prepared soil zone for cleaning with the septic tank for sewerage at the site.
Such zones partly perform the function of a drainage system, as they pass water through several layers of gravel and sand. In addition, cleaning bacteria are added again at these levels, thanks to which the so-called soil post-treatment of wastewater is performed.
Deep cleaning containers
Deep biotreatment provides 100% treated water for further release into the soil without the risk of violating its environmental cleanliness. That is, the need for a regular call of a sewage machine is eliminated. But not only this is the advantage of a deep-cleaning septic tank. In the process of collecting and processing wastewater, the tank does not spoil the surrounding area with a fetid odor, and the sludge obtained during filtration can be used for vegetation as a fertilizer. Of course, for such advantages you have to pay a lot of money when buying, as well as energy costs during the operation of the septic tank.
Metal containers
Tanks with metal casings can be called a traditional solution. Such designs are massive and heavy compared to plastic counterparts, but they are durable. Therefore, they are used precisely where there is a risk of mechanical damage to the tank withadverse consequences of depressurization. At home, metal containers for a septic tank can justify themselves in terms of durability. But this operational factor will only take place if you purchase an expensive and corrosion-resistant tank.
Plastic containers
Most manufacturers of engineering and plumbing equipment rely on plastic alloys. At the moment, it is no longer just plastic, but high-strength materials based on polyurethane, fiberglass or polyethylene. They are characterized by lightness, compactness and low cost. In addition, the plastic container for the septic tank is able to withstand low temperatures in severe frosts and not corrode when in close contact with water.
If we talk about the shortcomings of a plastic tank, then due to its lightness it is unstable when installed permanently, so a reliable foundation is required during installation work. Also, the choice should take into account the environmental friendliness of plastic - nevertheless, polymer mixtures often include additives with harmful substances.
What else to consider when choosing?
The nature of exploitation should be the basis for selection. For example, if we are talking about one user who will occasionally come to the country, then we can limit ourselves to a small-sized single-chamber tank without fine cleaning. For ease of installation, you can purchase a septic tank from a metal container, which will last a long time and will not cause maintenance problems.
And vice versa, for a family permanently residing in the house, it is recommended to equip capacious plastic tanks with the highest degree of cleaning. But in this case, the type of soil should also be calculated, since the effect of soil cleaning is not possible on every soil. In particular, clay covers and areas with high groundwater are excluded.
Makes its own adjustments to the choice and climate. In cold regions, for example, you will have to select septic tank and communication components that have effective thermal insulation or a built-in insulation system.
Installation of container
Installation of capacity is implemented in several stages, the main of which will be the creation of a trench with a foundation pit. The depth of the pit should not be more than 3 m, and in terms of length and width, one should be guided by the design of the tank. But it is important that there is still about 20 cm around the septic tank for additional filling with cement, gravel and sand.
Further, the station is laid in the prepared pit, the inlet and outlet pipes are mounted. The contours for pipes and nozzles should pass through the trench channels with a slope towards the septic tank to eliminate the risk of backflow of drains. At the final stage, the trenches with the pit are covered with soil.
Connection of additional communications
If there is a desire to provide a more efficient soil filtration system through separate equipment, then this task can be done in several ways. In particular, a filter well will help to solve it. Hisit is advisable to use if the composition of the soil on the site includes fine gravel, sand and sandy loam. In this case, the well itself should be located 100 cm higher relative to the level of groundwater.
In such conditions, you can use a septic tank from an iron tank, as it will not require a concrete foundation, which can interfere with the connection to the well. Another option involves the installation of an absorbent trench. These are perforated drainage pipes laid with a depth of 1 m. A ventilation pipe is arranged at the end of such circuits.
Conclusion
Having planned the organization of a septic tank on the site, it is important to calculate in detail the costs of the project. The fact is that the purchase of a container alone does not always cover even half of the total cost of an autonomous sewage system. It is also important to consider the cost of building materials, additional equipment, electrical fittings, pumps and consumables.
Buying a tank can cost 30-200 thousand rubles. For example, a budget plastic container for a septic tank for a sewer type drive will cost 25-30 thousand. The initial segment of models with an after-treatment function offers tanks for 40-50 thousand. The most expensive options for home use support the possibility of fine biological treatment and are available for 100-150 thousand on average.
Again, this is only the cost of the basic design of the septic tank, but as the functionality of the complex expands, an expensive additionalequipment.
