The architectural concept of "column" is a vertical support that bears the load of the higher parts of the building. In addition, this building element can perform decorative functions and be used as a triumphal decoration, for example with a statue on top. The most common form of this design is round. But there may also be square, rectangular and complex column shapes.
As mentioned earlier, a column is an architectural element that consists of several main parts: base, stem and capital. Let's consider each of them in more detail.
The base is the most massive component, the main function of which is to hold the structure and transfer the load to the base. It should be noted that such an element is not required, although it is present in many styles.
The trunk is the main part of the column. It can have a different shape, making it possible to use in a variety of styles.
The capital is another important part of the column. It is she who allows you to distribute the load of higher elements. As well as the lower component - the base, which is sometimes absent in designs. Nevertheless, this is perhaps the most expressive part of the described architectural element.
Thus, a column is such a building structure, due to which there is a rational redistribution of the load on the foundation. It has a vertical arrangement and is characterized by the ratio of the transverse dimension to its height. In this case, the first parameter has a value that is several times smaller than the value of the second.
Currently, there is a fairly extensive classification of such architectural elements. For example, you can name the most common types of columns, depending on the material of manufacture. This includes reinforced concrete and metal supports. Such design elements are in great demand in construction. It does not really matter whether it will be an industrial enterprise, a shopping center or a parking lot - the columns of the types presented will be present in many options.
It should also be noted that the classification includes division into different stylistic directions. Consider the most notable.
Caryatid. Such a column is a whole sculpture that performs all the functions of traditional elements of this kind of architecture. She is an exquisite figure of a priestess of an ancient Greek temple.
The candelabra column is characterized by a gradual change in the size of the cross section, which givesinteresting visual effects. However, this is not the only species that has a variable ratio of diameter to height. Such architectural elements became widespread during the Renaissance.
Such an architectural element of the protodoric type has one of the most regular geometric shapes. In this case, the dimensions of the columns are determined by fairly strict proportions. Were widespread in ancient Greece.
