If you were interested in the design of heating devices more deeply, then you understand how important the right choice of chimney is. Before purchasing it or a device, you need to familiarize yourself with the main types of these products, which can be made of different materials.
Brick chimneys, their dimensions and construction features
This type of chimney, despite the advent of more modern materials, is still popular. Spread such structures from solid ceramic bricks. The smoke exhaust system is located in the brickwork. For work, you should use a brick with the following parameters: 25 x 12 x 6.5 cm. But the standard dimensions of a brick chimney are determined by the dimensions of the building. On a small house, a tall and wide chimney will not look harmonious. For Russian stoves, chimneys with dimensions equal to 260 x 260 mm are usually equipped. The mounted pipe is located above the fireplace or on the stove and has the shape of a rectangle,whose parameters are approximately equal to four bricks. The masonry also provides for the masonry of the neck of the fluff. The height of the cutting neck is equal to five bricks. The parameters of the smoke channel are 140 x 270 mm.
The dimensions of the chimney for the fireplace are also determined by the parameters of the fluff, which is laid out subject to certain rules. For example, the external dimensions of this assembly are 590 x 450 mm. When working, use halves and quarters.
In the third row, the fluff increases, and plates are inserted inside, the thickness of which should be 60 mm. The dimensions of the chimney itself should be increased to 650 x 510 mm. But the parameters of the next two rows are 710 x 570 mm. In order to equip a strong pipe, bricks should be installed inside, the minimum thickness of which is 90 mm.
One of the stages of the construction of the chimney laying the riser, after which the installation of the otter is carried out. This segment will involve the laying of nine rows. The outer size of each row should be a quarter of a brick larger than the previous one. At this stage, special attention should be paid to the internal parameters of the channel. Sizes must not be smaller or larger.
Single-circuit modular metal chimneys
Metal chimneys have several elements. Usually this is a piece of pipe. But the design also implies the presence of tees, which have glasses for collecting condensate. The material is acid-resistant heat-resistant stainless steel, the wall thickness of which varies from 0.6 to 1 mm. Such pipes have a long service life. On sale you can find different types of stainless steel, for example, galvanized steel. But this option is not the best. The protective layer quickly burns out under the influence of temperature, and unprotected surfaces are destroyed under the influence of water and acids.
Metal sandwich chimneys and their sizes
Sizes of sandwich pipes for a chimney are determined primarily by their diameter, which can vary from 110 to 300 mm. When buying, you must take into account the diameter of the outlet of the pipe from the heater. The corresponding indicator of the product should not be less. The sandwich pipe is put on the outlet.
The size of the chimney is also selected according to the length. It can be equal to half a meter and 1 m. But the wall thickness of the inner pipe is 0.5 mm and 1 mm. It is also necessary to take into account the outer diameter, which can range from 200 to 430 mm. The size of the chimney is also determined by the thickness of the internal insulation, which can be equal to 4 - 6 cm. Corners are used for installation, they help to equip turns and can be equal to 90 º. Branches are available with 90º and 135º tees.
Chimney for a gas heater and its dimensions
The dimensions of the gas chimney are the main characteristics when choosing this part of the appliance. The efficiency of the smoke channel will depend on this. The calculation of the diameter must be carried out taking into account the following rule: 5.5 cm² should fall on 1 kW of device power. At the same time, pipes from two heating devicesmust be located at some distance from each other.
Pipe parameters for boilers
The dimensions of the chimneys for boilers are calculated in order to determine the height of the pipe and the cross-sectional area. Thrust will depend on the correct choice of these parameters. To carry out independent calculations, you can determine the cross section of the chimney when there is a heater. Ventilation parameters must be the same as the boiler nozzle. The smoke outlet must be measured. The cross section can also be calculated taking into account the power of the equipment. To determine the cross-sectional area, you need to multiply the power of the heater by 5.5. As a result, you will get the value in square centimeters.
When calculating the size of the chimney pipe, you can determine the inner diameter, which should be the same as the diameter of the hole for mounting in the boiler or slightly larger. If you make the cross section larger, this will affect the draft, but it will still be, and carbon monoxide will not enter the room.
Features of brick pipe construction
When the dimensions of the chimney are determined, construction can begin. But first you need to prepare the tools:
- grinder;
- ruler;
- marker.
The mortar layer should be made small in order to obtain a reliable construction. Each row slides half a brick to provide grip.
When forming an otter and butchering, you need to use steelrods that are installed in the masonry, but the reinforcement should not cross the smoke channel. The clogging of the chimney must be reduced so that soot almost does not settle on the walls. To do this, they are made as smooth as possible with plaster.
The riser is laid out in the attic. It is carried out close to the roof. A hole is made in it. You can also partially disassemble the roof. At this point, the pipe is brought out. The height of the riser must be greater than the height of the ridge. Given the selected size of the chimney, it is necessary to complete the neck after 15 rows. The parameters of this node are selected at will. At the end, you need to equip the head, and a weather vane is installed on top of it. To complete the construction, the structure is fixed and thermal insulation is installed, which ensures the efficient operation of the system.
Chimney device for boiler
To ensure intense traction, certain requirements must be observed when installing double-circuit pipe structures. So, the assembly is carried out from the heater. The smoke channel should be made even. The length of the pipe should not have bends. In order to achieve good traction, the structure should be at least five meters high.
Two bends are allowed in height, one of which can be at a right angle, and the other at an angle of 45 °. Segments should not be more than a meter. The design must be rigid, for this it is fixed to the wall at a certain distance.
The umbrella must rise above the ridge by 50 cm or more. Do not neglect the installation of additional elements such as a moisture accumulator, head and cleaner.
Operation of a brick chimney
The brick chimney is one of the most durable, which is especially true with proper care. At the first stage, the structure should be put into operation in accordance with all the rules. For this, the masonry dries well at a low temperature. After construction is completed, the stove should be fired several times with a small amount of fuel, which will ensure uniform drying.
During operation, you need to monitor the foundation where the pipe stands. Over time, the foundation may become unusable, which leads to a distortion of the chimney and causes a deterioration in traction. If you notice cracks, you need to carry out restoration using a concrete-cement mixture. It is recommended to inspect the pipe from time to time. Safety regulations recommend doing this once a year or more.
You need to monitor the condition of the head, which is the end of the chimney. Due to the impact of negative factors, this node is quickly destroyed. This may lead to the consequences expressed in the fact that the protective part of the pipe will cease to fulfill its functions. The smoke channel must be cleaned as it becomes dirty. If the chimney is operated during the summer season, it can be cleaned once every two years. With frequent use of the pipe, soot removal is carried out once a year. If you properly operate and take care of a brick chimney in a timely manner, then it will be ready to last up to half a century, without requiring major repairs.
Features of operation of steel chimneys
Operating a metal pipe is a little easier than keeping track of the correct operation of a brick structure. The equipment will work correctly, but for this you must follow some rules. So, about three times a year it is necessary to check whether the connections are tight. This procedure is especially important before starting to use the heater and starting periodic use. Overheating of the chimney should not be allowed, which can cause deformation of the metal. Cleaning should be done every three years, depending on usage.
Steel chimneys are ready to serve 20 years, but their main difference is unpretentiousness. They are also cheap and fairly easy to install. Proper operation of the pipes is the key to the durability of the device and its reliability. But if you clean and repair the equipment in a timely manner, this will help improve traction.
In conclusion
The dimensions of the sandwich chimneys are now known to you. They are selected taking into account the parameters of the heater. This also applies to pipes for removing smoke from all other materials. But it is important to take into account the fact that the product should not be overloaded with bends and turns, as this will certainly reduce traction and make the heater not so safe to use.
