When designing a sewer system, it is necessary to take into account all the factors of its operation and maintenance. First of all - a professional choice of materials and technological scheme for the installation of pipelines. The most important part of the future system is the sewer revision, which is designed to effectively remove blockages.
Purpose
During the operation of the sewer, clogging may occur. The reasons for their appearance are varied: from the wrong pipe slope to the wrong line diameter. To eliminate it, you must first identify the place of formation and the highest concentration of debris. This can be done without special equipment if a sewer audit is installed in the sections of the system.
It is an element of the line, on the outer surface of which there is an inspection hole. An important parameter is the tightness of the lid - it should not cause an unpleasant smell in the room or the release of sewage when fully loaded.pipeline. In addition, it is necessary to follow the rules for pairing revision elements with other parts of the sewer.
Installation
Further operation of the entire system directly depends on the correctly chosen installation site. To do this, a detailed project is drawn up, which indicates the material for the manufacture of pipes, their diameter, the procedure for connecting horizontal and vertical lines. Along with these parameters indicate those areas where revision is needed. Sewer cleaning is a complex process that requires the provision of conditions for its implementation. Therefore, the installation site is chosen based on the following conditions:
- Locations most prone to blockages.
- With free access to the hatch. The cleaning procedure must not be obstructed by foreign objects or confined spaces.
Depending on the installation site, there are 2 types of sewer revision - for internal and external pipelines.
Internal sewerage
Most often, blockages occur in pipes installed indoors. This is due to the specifics of their laying: multiple angular turns and a change in the diameter of the line in one section lead to the accumulation of debris and an artificial reduction in the cross section of pipes. The installed sewer revision will help solve these problems.
There are certain installation rules, following which you can ensure the normal functioning and maintenance of internal sewerage networks:
- On all verticalrisers should be installed revision sewer 110 mm. If the building has several floors, then provide for installation on each. The height is not regulated, but for ease of use it should not be less than 150 cm from the floor level.
- In horizontal pipelines, the installation of inspection parts is necessary if the distance from the water intake points is more than 0.5 m.
- Required installation on the corner (rotary) parts of the pipeline.
Following these rules, you can ensure the safety of the sewer system.
Outdoor sewerage
For external pipelines, it is necessary to apply an integrated method for arranging revision elements. According to the installation rules, the highway should be located below the freezing level of the soil. To provide access to the revision, special inspection decks are mounted.
Their design protects the pipeline from the influence of weather conditions and clogging. The number of such elements of the system is determined by its length. For areas with a flat terrain, the distance between wells is from 8 to 10 m. If the landscape has hills, then their number increases. It is important to choose an appropriate sewer inspection model - it must be designed for external soil loads, not subject to destruction due to low temperatures.
Features of operation
Unlike other elements of the pipeline, the sewerrevision can experience various mechanical loads. For pressurized sewerage systems, this is the internal pressure of the sewage flow. If the system is gravity-fed, this factor has little effect on the internal surface.
However, other types of mechanical impact should be taken into account. When blockages appear, the hatch in the revision is necessary for the penetration of the sewer cable. The principle of its effect on the cork is in translational movements, as a result of which the blockage is destroyed. However, at the same time, the cable body inevitably presses on the end part of the inspection hole. This is the most fragile section of the structure; with strong pressure, a chip or crack may appear. In the future, when the pipe is filled, an unpleasant odor or liquid will leak through these defects.
Therefore, this part of the structure must be thick-walled. This is especially true for internal sewage systems, the material of which is often PVC. Although it can withstand pressure ratings, it is a relatively brittle material. When exposed to a fracture, it loses its integrity, resulting in chips. The optimum thickness of the inspection hole nozzle should be at least 2.2 mm.
Selection Tips
The system must be completed according to the previously drawn up project. But due to the fact that the revision for sewer pipes has a specific purpose, it is subject to increased requirements.
When choosingspecific model should consider the following factors:
- Material of production. It must be the same as in other elements of the highway. This is important during installation - it will be problematic to ensure a tight connection between the cast-iron revision and plastic pipes.
- Dia. The flow capacity of this section of the pipeline should not be less or more than the others. Therefore, the internal section of the element has the same dimensions as the rest of the sewer pipe. The revision cannot affect the rate of waste passing.
- Lid design. This element can be removable or stationary. Often, a threaded method of installing a protective cover is used. Stationary models are attached to the body with hinges. This design is much more convenient, as there is no chance of losing the cover.
- Installation location - external or internal sewage.
Based on these criteria, you can choose the optimal design of the revision device that will meet all the requirements of the sewer system.
