The sewerage system in a private house is the same obligatory part of engineering as heating with water supply. A feature of this infrastructure can be called a close connection with a number of other communication networks. In many ways, these are indirect links, sometimes playing an auxiliary, and sometimes a primary role. The nodes of the second kind include the combination of ventilation and sewerage due to the transitional communication structure.
Purpose of the system
Sewage and liquid household waste are collected in the sewerage system, which creates an unfavorable sanitary and hygienic background in the pipeline and adjacent parts of the house. Without an air outlet, harmful odors with vapors can create conditions for the formation of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms,getting rid of which will be much more difficult. For this reason, sewer ventilation is organized for the house in one configuration or another. The most important thing is that the communications of the ventilation system have a natural or forced air outlet, which ensures free circulation of air flows.
Ventilation system design
At the design stage of the project, a diagram of the location of the ventilation circuits connecting the sewer pipeline and the outdoor air environment is drawn up. The main calculations are made in relation to intra-house interchanges. In the classical scheme, the basis of such ventilation is formed by a vertical riser (fan pipe). The project should consider its location and diameter. As for the first nuance, it is recommended that the riser be placed as close as possible to windows and other openings that are directly connected to the street. The shorter the distance to the exit points, the better. The diameter for the channels of a private house is on average 110 mm, but, again, a lot will depend on the technical capabilities of the riser.
Do not forget that architects try to combine the communication channels of heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage into one line to save space. That is, one large channel connecting the first and second floors can include heating, water supply and standard ventilation lines. However, this principle of combining pipes does not work in relation to the fan pipe precisely because of sanitary restrictions. This risermust be placed separately with its own insulation.
Pipe selection
Many experts recommend immediately contacting the sewer pipes, as they will allow you to organically continue the air outlet branches directly from the sewer communications. In addition, such pipes are cheaper and are made of plastic, which in itself facilitates installation work. But when choosing pipes of this format for sewer ventilation, two points should be considered:
- A strong gap in diameter is possible when connecting channels to the main ventilation system - sometimes the sections do not match, not to mention the materials used to make pipes. Leveling such inconsistencies with adapters is much easier and safer in the infrastructure of the sewer system.
- Technical plastic is not the best solution for the ventilation system of a residential building, as it can release harmful substances when heated. However, its use is allowed in the organization of exhaust systems that do not imply the possibility of inflow.
You can refuse sewer pipes in favor of stainless and galvanized analogues. These are heavy pipes, difficult to install and join, but they are durable, reliable and environmentally friendly.
Fan pipe installation
It is desirable to make the riser from the same pipe from which the sewer channel or the septic tank is made. It is desirable that it be a high-strength and heat-resistant plastic. By the time of installation, a vertical channel should be prepared with an output toroof. If not, you will have to change the layout of the bathroom, forming a hole in the ceiling for the pipe.
The sewer ventilation fan riser is fastened with the help of clamps, sealing materials and holders, the ends of which are fixed to the wall. It is advisable to use not rigid, but "floating" plastic clamps with the possibility of regulation. The pipe rod must be oriented strictly vertically without slopes, bends and with a minimum number of transition nodes. Especially in a two-story house, it is difficult to do without segmental installation of a fan pipe, but even in this case, if possible, the number of parts should be reduced. The connection is made by thermal soldering using sealants and repair solid clamps.
Installation of vacuum valves
A valve must be installed at the top of the riser, which will operate at the moments of air discharge. Such regulation will not allow odors to leave the riser directly in the room. The valve itself is provided with a cover with a spring, which normally covers the valve outlet, and when the internal pressure rises, it opens and releases harmful gases to the outside.
How is a vacuum valve installed for ventilation in the sewer system? Installation is carried out according to the type of plumbing joint. The main thing is to provide for such a position of the device so that the possibility of wiring through several small-format channels is preserved. If you follow the advice of experts, then usually the valve nozzle is seated in the fan pipe, after whichsealed and sealed. It is also important to ensure the mechanical fastening of the device, since its head part weighs quite a lot, and there is only one reference point - in the junction with the riser. Therefore, it is necessary to provide 2-3 rigid clamps in advance, fixed to the wall along the line of the exhaust pipe.
Riser insulation
In hot weather, ventilation works efficiently due to the natural difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures. During operation, there is a constant heat exchange, so the flows freely rise up according to the law of thermodynamics. But is it necessary to make a forced ventilation installation in the winter? With constant use, the riser will not freeze, since heated wastewater is warmer than air. But in other cases, and especially in cold regions, it will not be superfluous to insulate the ventilation of the sewer.
Heating can be supplied from a boiler room or central hot water supply. The task will be to ensure normal temperature conditions in the rooms where the riser passes. In the attic, you will have to insulate the pipe with special materials - mineral wool winding is optimal.
Organization of ventilation output
Direct exit of the channel to the outside is carried out with the help of a ventilation fungus. This is a device that also works on the principle of a valve, but is already placed on the roof surface. That is, it will be necessary to provide a hole in the slope and roofing. Ventilation is mountedsewers on the roof using complete fasteners on a carrier base. On a metal tile or profiled sheet, special holes are made for screws, on which a nozzle with a round niche is attached. A ventilation mushroom is installed in it, which is fixed from the back under the roof with clamping joints and clamps, and directly at the edges of the holes are smeared with sealant.
Ensuring the safe operation of the system
Even at the design stage, you should consider the possibility of free access to all technological and functional units of the ventilation duct. Connection points, fastenings, transition areas and working equipment should be open for the possibility of prompt repair. Violation of sealing is the most dangerous phenomenon during the operation of such systems. The discharge of gases from sewage into residential premises is hazardous to he alth, therefore, the malfunction should be rectified as soon as possible.
Approximately once every six months, the sewer ventilation system is regularly diagnosed, in which the technical condition of communications from the lower connection point to the outlet part is assessed. For complex and productive systems that work with large volumes, it is desirable to install climate control. Sensors for monitoring the air environment in the places where the vent pipe passes are also connected to it.
General tips for ventilation
In the process of developing a project and carrying out installation operations, you should remember the following recommendations of specialists,which will help you choose the right strategy for organizing a ventilation duct for a sewer:
- The hood above the roof in the form of a mushroom is made at least 1 m high.
- If the sewerage has long intra-house wiring, then it is better to install two risers at different points - this will unload the duct systems.
- Inclusion of sewer ventilation in the shaft of the main air duct system can be done only if the duct works for exhaust without injection, and a group of valves will be used in front of the junction.
- A chimney cap is not required as warm drains will cause condensation to accumulate during winter.
- It is forbidden to mount outlet pipes under overhangs and cornices, as they can be damaged by descending precipitation.
Conclusion
There are many options for arranging an air circulation system in a sewer system. The most common configuration includes a riser pipe, but you can do without it. For example, vertical sewer ventilation in a private household is not required if there is a swimming pool or communications that provide a one-time drain of water with the main drain blocked. In this case, it is desirable to provide a bathroom with a kitchen with aeration and disinfection systems with a micro-ventilation effect. Also, do not forget about the final collection of the output waste. The intensity of their reception will largely determine the parameters of the optimal ventilation system - in particular, its performance and throughput.ability.
