It is often the case that people want to increase living space in their own home by building a mansard roof. It is possible to realize this idea with your own hands, but you should know in advance all the nuances of construction. As a result, a new room will appear, which requires minimal financial costs. There are several options for how to make a room under the roof. The most popular today is a gable mansard roof. Installation of this design is quite simple, even for a beginner in the construction business.
How is the project being developed?
The project of a gable mansard roof implies the need to destroy the slopes at certain angles. After that, the space under the desired roof will automatically increase. Many do not know how to make a gable roof with their own hands. If an old building is to be refurbished,There are a few things to keep in mind when designing. It is believed that the mansard roof is much heavier than the gable surface.
The first step is to check the condition of the building's foundation. The walls should be examined, to make sure that they do not collapse over time. It is necessary to understand whether the building will withstand the heavy loads associated with the construction of a gable mansard roof. In the case of planning this type of roof at the initial stage of building a private house, it is necessary to make a project with a reinforced foundation and strong walls.
Working on the design of the attic floor with a gable roof is one of the most important stages in construction. If errors are made in the calculations, this can lead to premature destruction of the building. An incorrectly chosen angle of inclination of a gable roof can result in deformation of the roof itself. Cracks may appear in the walls from excessive load on them. Considering all these nuances, when developing a project, you should entrust its preparation to architects. If a person is confident in his abilities and wants to try to independently develop a project for a gable mansard roof, he should work in special architectural programs on a computer. They can accurately calculate the required angle of inclination of the roof.
There is a specific document (SNiP) on which all calculations are based. It is called "Loads and influences". How to make a gable roof with your own hands? Need to study this document
When it's worththe question of choosing an attic project that a person is going to bring to life with his own hands, one should take into account how the dimensions of the future room depend on the angle of the roof:
- The allowable dimensions of a gable roof are indicated in the SNiP. The height of the ceiling in this case should be more than 2.2 meters.
- There are buildings with straight roof slopes. In this case, the angle of inclination will be reflected in the width of the future room.
In order to increase the room across the entire width, they make a broken mansard roof. Ceiling height immediately increases across the entire width of the room. The angle at which the lower rafters are placed is usually not more than 60 degrees. The angle for the installation of the upper rafters is chosen by the owner of the premises independently. Usually, the choice is influenced by the preferences of the owner, as well as the expected loads on the roof. Each area will have different weather conditions.
Roof elements
Starting installation work on the roof, you should prepare the necessary materials. The construction of a mansard gable roof requires a large amount of materials. For the roofing cake you will need:
- Quality waterproofing. There must also be a vapor barrier.
- You can not do this work without a heater. The pitch of the rafters depends on it. Installing gable roof rafters is a rather laborious process. To spend less material, you need to lay the rafters so that the slab fits right between them.
- The roofing material itself, which affects the typecrates. It can be continuous or sparse. Each option has its pros and cons.
To make a quality roof, you should think about how the entire roof system will be ventilated.
What materials do you need?
To build a gable mansard roof with your own hands, you will need the following materials:
- Beam, the cross section of which should be 50 by 100 millimeters.
- Boards measuring 150 by 50 millimeters.
- Unedged board, the size of which is chosen based on the general requirements of the project. The boards are selected, focusing on the height of the attic floor of the gable roof.
- Special wire with a diameter of no more than four millimeters. Usually choose annealed.
What tools will be needed?
To build an attic floor with a gable roof, you will need to stock up on the following tools:
- Fasteners. These include screws and nails. You can not do without a building level, as well as a plumb line.
- Meta measure and sharp knife.
- Axe, hammer. You will also need an impact drill and other tools to install the gable roof rafters.
To perform attic work with high quality, and most importantly quickly, you should not save on tools. It is better to buy a reliable kit once than to constantly run to the building materials store when something breaks again.
What is Mauerlat and how is it made?
Mauerlat meansrafter base. It is usually made from timber or from a very durable board. Mauerlat is placed on the long walls of the building if it is planned to build a gable mansard roof. This base is necessary to ensure high-quality fastening of the lower part of the rafters. Mauelat is also needed to evenly distribute the load on the walls of the house.
To fix the desired structure, you will need metal studs that need to be installed in the concrete beam of the monolith. Another fastening option can be a special wire, which is placed in the brickwork. In order for the base to serve for a long time, it is necessary to ensure good waterproofing of the timber. It shouldn't get wet in the rain. High humidity should be avoided. You can purchase roofing felt.
It happens that when building a roof frame on your own, the rafters touch the top of the wall with their beveled side. In this case, you can’t do without mounting a Mauerlat.
In some projects, the width of the attic is almost the same as the width of the house. In such a situation, the rafters will touch the supports. Supports are constructed from special beams. They are placed perpendicular to the long wall. The beams are mounted in the same way as the Mauerlat. Waterproofing is required.
How to make a support structure?
To make a quality frame for a gable mansard roof, you need to start by attaching the supports. They are required for racks, which should be symmetrical to the axis of the house. The width of the attic will correspond to the distance betweeninstalled supports.
First make arches in the shape of the letter "P". Install the racks, and then tie them together. Racks are made mainly from high-quality timber. Its cross section must correspond to the cross section of the support. Racks must be placed vertically, they should be mounted around the entire plumb line. It is important to check how evenly the jumper is fixed. It should be horizontal to the uprights.
When the second arch was made, the entire structure is leveled. A cord is pulled horizontally between the arches, the size of the arches is checked. If necessary, the structure is dismantled. Based on the position of the cord, the remaining arches are mounted. Their number is directly related to the pitch of the rafters, which is reflected in the project. Each of them is mounted to a rack. In this case, the frame has the desired rigidity.
Some people use metal staples to hold the arched posts together. In the process of using the attic area, the roof will experience constant pressure on the vertical racks. To ensure the reliability of the structure, it is better to install additional braces. Each arch is connected at the top with a wooden bridge. It is located parallel to one of the walls of the house.
How to properly install the rafter legs?
Installation of the truss system of a mansard gable roof usually takes place in several stages.
Two types of rafter legs are being prepared. Those that are located below usually have an acute angle. They combine Mauerlat with racks. Top raftersare installed directly on the arched structure. The rafters of the mansard gable roof must be securely fastened. Before proceeding with the installation of such legs, it is necessary to apply preliminary markings to the place where they will be located. Installation begins with the extreme rafters to the pediment. In some cases trimming is necessary.
When the project indicates that the roof should have overhangs, a special cutout is made in the rafter leg. As a result, the element should touch the support with a horizontal cut. Fastening is carried out using metal staples or nails. In order for the rafter legs to be connected to the Mauerlat more reliably, it is better to additionally fix them with burnt wire. Its diameter should be no more than 4 millimeters. It is permissible to use a wire with a diameter of 3 mm. In the same way, the remaining lower rafters are fastened.
When building especially large houses, the length of which is more than eight meters, professionals advise installing a rafter with a ridge beam. With this design, the load is distributed evenly throughout the resulting frame.
You will need to install a post in the center of each gable. Do not forget to check the verticality with a plumb line. The ridge beam must be installed from above, horizontally.
Why is it important to accurately determine the height of the skate in every project?
Many people do not pay due attention to such an important issue as the height of the skate. It needs to be defined correctly. Fromthe resulting value will depend on the angle of inclination at the upper rafters. It turns out that the rafter legs on one side should touch the ridge beam, and on the other - the erected arch system.
It happens that the upper rafters form the letter "L". In this case, the legs will go when butted. Sometimes they resort to the use of special overlays. They can be made of wood or metal. As a rule, the first pair of rafters, if installed correctly, is subsequently used as a template.
What is included in the last stage of the construction of the roof structure?
At the final stage of work, the installation of the crate is done. It is permissible to carry it out with your own hands, without resorting to outside help. Waterproofing is being installed. It should be remembered that it is imperative to make a clearance for ventilation. The roofing is laid. From the inside of the attic, thermal insulation is installed, as well as vapor barrier. It is important to secure the skin well.
How to properly insulate a gable mansard roof?
The roof should keep the heat inside the house and protect from the weather. It often happens that in a room under a mansard roof it becomes cold even when the heating is turned on. In this case, it is necessary to insulate the roof so that it retains heat in the room. Warming a gable roof attic will take time and a responsible approach to work.
It is worth remembering that you will have to insulate every component of the mansard roof. The first step is to choose high-quality materials for insulation.
How to choose the right insulation?
There are corresponding requirements for high quality insulation:
- Water-repellent material must be used. Moisture should not linger in it, otherwise the thermal conductivity of the coating will increase, and other equally important properties will be lost.
- The material used must retain its original shape. This property is very important in the operation of the building. If the form does not hold, then over time it will “leave” to the lower tier of the roof, the upper part will become available for the penetration of winds.
- Insulation should not lose its quality for a long time, so that the roof does not have to be repaired after a year of operation.
- The material must be safe for humans and meet all requirements. It is important to choose environmentally friendly material. Do not use coatings that will release toxic substances.
- You should choose a material that will be resistant to temperature changes in a particular region. If a person lives in a cold climate, then first of all you need to pay attention to such an indicator as the frost resistance of the selected material.
Do not neglect safety precautions when working with the material, as well as during its operation. It is important to purchase a product that will not ignite easily.
What are the ways of warming?
The main methods of roof insulation include:
- When the insulation is laid in the gapbetween the rafters.
- It happens that the material is laid directly on the rafters.
The first styling method is widespread in our time. It is the easiest to insulate the roof with your own hands.
In order for the roof to serve for a long time, when laying insulation, it is necessary to follow generally accepted rules. If you make mistakes when insulating the attic roof, the material may begin to absorb moisture. As a result, the process of roof decay may begin.
What are the mistakes at work?
Beginners when working with insulation often make a number of mistakes that lead to the destruction of the roof. These include:
- Sometimes they forget to lay a layer of waterproofing.
- In some cases, the desired waterproofing layer is not fixed. As a result, the insulation layer may shift and begin to let cold air into the room.
- Often in the process of work, they forget about the need to install a ventilation gap. Condensation accumulates, which leads to the gradual decay of the roofing material.
- It is rare that there is no vapor barrier, but this is also unacceptable for the normal functioning of the roofing system with insulation.
In what order should the work on roof insulation be carried out?
Before starting insulation work, it is necessary to draw up a work plan and strictly adhere to it. Professionals advise to perform the following algorithm of actions:
- You should measure the distance between the rafters.
- Material for insulation should be taken with a small margin.
- Stackedwaterproofing. The material should be laid between the bars in such a way that it fits snugly on the original structure. As a result, it should be securely fixed in place.
- The laying process is carried out from the bottom up. The fewer seams, the better the work will be done.
- It should be remembered that in the end there should be no gaps, otherwise there will be significant heat loss.
- Between the insulation and other layers it is required to leave space, the distance should be at least two centimeters. It should be remembered that the insulation material gradually begins to expand during operation.
- In order for air to circulate freely, you need to leave a ventilation gap.
- It is necessary to ensure that the material does not sag during installation. To do this, you do not need to leave too large gaps when cutting insulation.
- The next step is to cover the entire surface with a uniform layer of vapor barrier.
- It is important to fix the thermal insulation layer with wooden bars or slats. Reiki can be taken as a base for interior decoration.
What are the types of insulation?
There are several types of insulation:
- "URSA" is considered the most modern material for the insulation of a gable mansard roof. It is based on staple fiber. It is processed according to a special system. It is believed that this is one of the most resistant heaters. It is sold in the form of mats. Their size is usually 1200 by 4200 millimeters. The thickness of one mat is 150 millimeters. It is important to give them before usestraighten out the form. In a few minutes, they become normal.
- Glass wool is one of the most widely used materials for roof insulation. It has its drawbacks, so it is rarely used nowadays.
