The oven with a bench is a multifunctional design. It not only heats the house, but can also be used to treat colds, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and cooking. For ancestors, such heating equipment was the real heart of the house, it acted as a universal helper.
They made such furnaces quite large, their dimensions were as follows: 1.8 x 3 m. The structures were constantly heated. To date, there are many varieties of the Russian stove, if you also want to prefer it for your home, you can consider variations to choose a design depending on the needs of the family.
Some features of the oven with stove bench
The stove with a bench should have a width of 1.5 m or more, while the length of the structure exceeds 2 m.
The foundation can be made of stones, bricks or combined with the common foundation of the house. Today you can find reinforced concrete, brick and rubble concrete foundations. ATburnt brick serves as the material for the stove, and the chimneys were originally wooden, later they became stone and brick.
When a stove is made with a bench and a hob, the box is placed 80 or 100 cm from the floor. You can store household utensils in the oven. Podpeche and to this day can be found in Russian ovens. This option is subjected to high loads, therefore, during the construction, the masonry must be done especially carefully. To do this, prepare a special brick.
After completion of work, the surface of the hearth should be sanded to achieve perfect smoothness. Below you need to place a six for pots. Instead, a hob is sometimes equipped.
Russian oven projects
The oven with a stove bench must have an undercook. In this design, the lower part will not warm up. The bench should be used for resting, harvesting fruit or drying clothes. When the bed is made bunk, the whole family can rest on it.
An additional function of the design is expressed in the fact that you can even wash yourself on the floors, for this the water is heated in the vat. If necessary, the furnace can be supplemented with other designs. For example, today they line up with cast-iron hobs.
The following dimensions can be used to equip a small oven: 1500 x 1750 mm. If you need a larger oven, then the last parameter can be increased to 2300 mm. An oven can be an additional elementor fireplace. Considering the projects of stoves, you may notice that sometimes the hob is installed in the place where the hearth, which used to be deaf, should be located.
Sometimes the design has a trestle bed, in this case it is possible to increase the area of the couch. Some stove projects involve a fireplace located in the next room. This is convenient for the reason that you do not have to build a separate foundation, as for the smoke exhaust system. If the room does not have such a large area, then the design with a fireplace in the next room will not take up much space.
Material selection
In order for the furnace to last as long as possible, it is necessary to choose the right fireclay brick, which during operation will be constantly exposed to high temperatures. It is necessary to reject those products that do not correspond to the actual dimensions. There should be no cracks, burrs and scuffs on their surface, it is also important to pay attention to the appearance regarding the composition. Foreign inclusions can reduce the quality characteristics of the brick.
You should refuse to purchase too dark, warped, swollen products that have spots on the edges. Those bricks that have traces of outgassing during firing are also not suitable; they look like rounded shells with a smooth inner surface. Country stoves, however, can be built using fireclay bricks, on the surface of which there may be shells, but not more than four. There can only be one such shell per face.
Features of foundation construction
Kilns with a brick bench have a rather impressive weight, which can reach 8 tons. Therefore, the foundation must be reliable and reinforced. The base is poured in such a way that it is 5 cm away from the main foundation of the house, while the structure must be deepened by 80 cm.
A 10-cm layer of sand is poured on the bottom, which is compacted. Next comes a layer of rubble, which also requires compaction. A reinforcing frame, reinforced with wire, is placed in the resulting space. Concrete should be poured so that the level of the foundation is slightly higher than the finished flooring.
Building a Russian oven
If you decide to build a stove with a stove bench, you will need to prepare:
- single red brick in the amount of 1600 pieces;
- chamotte wedge-shaped brick - 100 pieces;
- fireclay - 250 pieces;
- chamotte clay;
- sheet steel;
- corner.
For the construction you will need a solid foundation so that the oven does not sink. The niche under the stove is covered and supplemented with wooden supports. They must be coated with an antiseptic before use.
Country stoves are not always lined on the outside. They can be covered with plaster or tiles. Clay mortar can act as a plaster. An alternative solution is a heat-resistant plaster mix, which is sold ready-made.
Features of masonry furnace
The do-it-yourself oven with a stove bench must be made absolutely sealed, this will ensure the safety of operation. Therefore, the use of cracked bricks should be abandoned. Seams between products should have a thickness of 5 to 8 mm. To do this, it is best to use clay, smearing the walls with it from the inside.
Ceramic brick should be soaked before laying so that it does not absorb moisture from the mortar. The outer walls are laid out in one or half brick, while the inner walls are laid out in half a brick. If a thickness of 1 brick is used to form the internal walls, the structure will warm up much longer, and it will not be possible to save fuel.
Kiln ordering
A Russian stove with a stove bench in a country house should be laid according to the order. In the second row, internal channels for cleaning are formed, while in the third, doors for cleaning and blowing chambers must be installed. In the fourth row, entrances to the internal channels are formed, the masonry is overlapped, forming the ceiling of the hearth channel. A grate should be installed in the fifth row, while a water heating tank should be mounted on the sixth row.
In the next row, a small firebox will be formed, and the eighth and ninth rows will serve as a place to fix the door and the small firebox. The tenth row will become the place of the bottom of the crucible and the connection of the large and small fireboxes. Next, the valve is installed in a horizontal position, an entrance is made for the chimney, masonrybegins to narrow, blocking the cooking chamber.
In the 17th row, you can install a screed on the back wall with a metal strip. A template is installed at the bottom of the crucible, and at the next stage, you can fix the wall above the entrance to the cooking chamber. On the 22nd row, the overtube should be narrowed, and then a chimney cleaning door should be installed. The overtube on the 27th and 29th rows will need to be connected to the chimney. Next, chimneys for furnaces are laid out, after which cutting is formed. The pipe should be taken out through the attic, laying waterproofing between the roofing material and the pipe.
The main components of the Russian stove chimney
The Russian stove must have a brick chimney, which is installed on the structure itself. 6 rows before the interfloor overlap, the overhead part ends, the fluff neck begins. This node is an extension of the chimney, however, the cross section remains the same as throughout the pipe. The outer part expands by 40 cm.
That part of the chimney that will go to the attic is called the riser, it goes all the way to the roof. Chimneys for stoves have another cut, which is called an otter, this is an extension from 4 sides. Thanks to this, precipitation does not fall into the gaps between the chimney and the roof.
After the otter, you can proceed to laying the neck, it will have the same dimensions as the chimney itself. The masonry ends with an extension that forms a cap. You can install a deflector or a metal cap on it to protect the chimney from rain, debris and snow, and it's good for draft.
Conclusion
Don't assume that the traditional Russian stove with a stove bench has already sunk into oblivion. Even today, such structures are installed in summer cottages and country houses, where they are used for heating and cooking. The presence of a trestle bed increases fuel consumption, but slightly, and furnace equipment is more efficient. That is why it is almost as popular as because it uses other fuels to operate. In addition, firewood is always available, especially outside the city, where such stoves are most often lined up.
