Hipped roof is a great solution for houses and gazebos. It is performed in the form of a pyramid with 4 isosceles triangles. A square is considered an ideal base, since all faces converge to one upper point. But just a rectangle will do. There may also be ledges of various shapes, such as a semicircular balcony. The roof has a lot of advantages, one of which is a lower price compared to single or double slope options, since a gable is not required. Construction has a number of features and will require care due to the complex shape, but by following the instructions, you can build it yourself.
Advantages of hipped roofs
Due to their design, they have a lot of advantages:
- Tilting all around results in an aerodynamic design. Such a roof is not afraid of strong winds. It also does not matter at what angle it rains, from any side it perfectly drains rain and melt water.
- Due to the four-slope design, even with strong wind and rain, water will not enter the attic.
- It has an attractive appearance. This is especially noticeable if the house has ledges oreven bevelled corners. Quite complex forms of the base, various add-ons and the like are acceptable.
- The cost is less than when building a gable roof with gables.
Disadvantages and features
The complex construction of a hipped roof requires careful construction. It has the following features and disadvantages:
- Design complexity. It will be necessary to carry out calculations so that all the triangles of the slopes are isosceles. Skewed sides are not allowed.
- Difficulty during the construction phase. Precise measuring tools and proper handling will be required.
- Houses with hipped roofs have a small attic, and its usable volume is especially small. This problem is more relevant for square bases, while the hip design is used for the rectangle, which significantly increases the volume.
- When building a truss system for the entire structure, a tree of the same species should be used. This will eliminate the possibility of warping due to uneven tree behavior over time.
Rafter system
What does the hip roof truss system consist of? Let's take a closer look at the structure, including the base, load-bearing elements and elements that give rigidity and strength. Rafter system includes:
- Mauerlat;
- diagonal rafters;
- spooks;
- bolt;
- ridge knot;
- support bars.
Mauerlat
The first thing hip roof projects start with is the installation of a Mauerlat. This structural element is used for houses with walls made of brick, foam block, aerated concrete and the like. For wooden frame houses, this role will be played by the upper trim. For walls made of logs or beams, the Mauerlat is fastened with brackets. Waterproofing must be installed between it and the wall.
Mauerlat is a wooden bar that is attached to the top edge of the wall. It is located closer to the outer edge, but at some distance from it. A waterproofing material must be placed between it and the wall to protect the wood. Mauerlat is the link between the wall and the roof frame. It is also necessary to evenly distribute the load over the entire surface. Thus, together with the rafters, it creates a solid hipped roof structure.
Diagonal rafters
Diagonal rafters are the thickest and strongest, as they hold the main weight of the entire structure. They form the geometry of the entire system, since further elements are aimed at increasing strength, fastening and creating support on planes. Support bars are attached to the diagonal rafters, to which the sprigs will be mounted.
For houses with hipped roofs, two types of diagonal rafters can be distinguished: hanging and sloping.
Hanging rafters are connected with each other at one end, and at the other they are attached to the corners to the Mauerlat. Thus, the entire load falls on him, it is createdstrong expanding horizontal force. For the stability of the structure, it is necessary to install puffs that fasten the rafters together in their lower part. This design comes out somewhat overweight, but is great for roofs with a slope of more than 40 degrees, and the distance between the outer walls is less than 10 meters. Also, in such a hip roof truss system, the internal space remains free and not occupied by partitions, although puffs eat up part of the height.
Slope rafters are perfect for tilting surfaces up to 40 degrees. This is due to the fact that it is with such a small inclination that a significant bursting force is created. The design comes out lighter due to the fact that the rafters do not hang in the air, but rely on supporting elements that distribute part of the weight. The latter, in turn, are mounted on the internal partitions of the house or on the bed. The disadvantage is that the internal supports take away part of the useful internal space, limiting it.
For construction, a beam with a cross section is usually used twice as wide as for sprockets, namely 100x150 mm. You can also often find the use of double rafters, each of the same section as the sprigs.
Riding knot or skate
Depending on the shape of the base, a ridge knot or ridge will be used. The first is used for roofs with a square base, when all the inclined rafters converge at one point. The second option is for rectangular bases, when in oneonly two slopes converge at a point, and these points must be connected to each other using a horizontal bar with a section of 100x100 mm. It is worth noting that sprigs will be attached to it.
For a square base, a vertical bar with a section of 100x100 mm is used at the convergence of all diagonal rafters, and the height is calculated according to the slope of the roof. It is to him that all the rafter legs are attached, however, the mount should be placed in different places for greater structural strength.
Fire
In the photo of hipped roofs you can see different lengths of the overhang. It may slightly or even significantly protrude beyond the outer edge of the wall. A significantly protruding overhang will be relevant for creating a canopy over a porch, terrace or balcony.
However, if the length of the rafters is not enough to make such an overhang, a ridge is used. In fact, this is an extension board that is attached to the edge of the rafter leg, extending it. Suitable for canopies with overhang from 200 mm. Boards are usually selected with a smaller section than for the rafters themselves, since the retained weight is noticeably less.
Sleep
The bed is usually a fairly large beam with a square section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm. It is located horizontally and lies on the internal load-bearing structures of the house. It is intended to hold supporting structures supporting diagonal slopes. Required for roofs with a low angle of inclination of the surfaces, as well as for options with a distance between the outer walls of more than 10 meters.
Racks
Beams of the samediameter, which is the bed. They connect a ridge knot or a ridge with a bed. In houses with hipped roofs, they help redistribute the weight by removing some of the load from the Mauerlat. The design is more stable and durable, which is especially important with a large roof area.
Struts, bolts and ties
These are all additional elements that help make the structure more durable and stable. Above, we found out that the puffs are horizontal beams connecting the base of the diagonal rafters. The crossbar is essentially the same, but it connects the rafters already at the top, helping to distribute and reduce the bursting force.
The struts are also a wooden beam, resting at one end against the corner between the bed and the central pillar, and at the other end against the middle of the diagonal rafter, redistributing the weight from the Mauerlat to the internal supporting structure of the house.
Tie-ups and brace
Narozhniki - rafters that fill the space of the triangle between the Mauerlat and two diagonal rafters with inclined longitudinal beams. To distribute the load and create a high-quality fastening for the roof, the rafters are connected to each other by strapping - horizontal boards. It should be noted that in hipped roof constructions, plywood is often laid instead of strapping.
Pre-calculation
Before you start building a hipped truss roof, you need to make calculations. A complex design with four isosceles triangles will requiremaximum attention and precision, so that there is no distortion, and the rafters converge in the ridge part.
Rafter length and area
It is necessary to calculate the length of the rafters and determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof to calculate how much material is required.
For a square base, we need the length of its side and the height of the roof. In order to calculate the surface area, you first need to find the length of the triangle of one of the slopes. The legs will be the height of the roof and half the length of any side of the square, and the hypotenuse will be the desired value.
Next you can find the length of the rafter. Imagine a triangle in which the height found earlier will be the leg, and half the length of one of the sides of the square will be the other leg. Rafters, respectively, another hypotenuse.
Please note that the resulting rafter length and slope height results will not be finite. They do not take into account the protrusion outside the wall. To calculate the area, you will need to find the additional length of the rafter. Knowing its length and the height of the slope without a ledge, we find the sine of the angle where the rafter will be the hypotenuse, and the height will be the leg. Further, knowing the indent we need, we divide it by the resulting sine value and get the required length for the rafter.
Calculate the area will be quite easy, just take the height of the slope without taking into account the ledge and multiply by the length of the side of the square, then divide by two. Next, we compare how many times the length of the ramp with a ledge is longer than it is without a ledge. For example, we will receive in 1, 1 times. received abovemultiply the area by this number. Then we multiply by the number of slopes, namely by 4, and we get the required area. It is worth noting that the result will not display the full required material, since the calculations do not take into account the width of the rafter. It will be necessary to take the material with a small margin.
The distance between the rafters (rafters)
Another important parameter is the distance between the sprigs. Before you make a hipped roof, you need to decide on the material of the roof. In many ways, this is what the distance between the rafters will depend on.
Due to weight and features, some may be less demanding on spacing and will fit gaps up to 1500mm, while others will need no more than 600mm. There is also a dependence on the angle of the roof. The smaller the angle, the smaller the distance should be, as there may be sagging of the roof in between.
Also, depending on the material used, the crate step will be calculated.
Photos of houses with a hipped roof show how attractive and interesting this version looks. With due attention and careful approach, the project can be completed independently. The hipped roof has better aerodynamics, better water drainage, regardless of the angle of incidence of raindrops. And besides, such roofs are ideal for bases of complex shape, since superstructures, canopies and various ledges look organic, there are only calm and smooth forms.
