In villages and suburban dwellings, you can see stoves made of clay. Previously, peasants manually made the mentioned structures for heating and cooking. However, even now people are building compact and inexpensive stoves. In addition, you can build them yourself from ordinary building materials. The article describes in detail how to make an adobe oven with your own hands.
Design feature
Homeowners and villagers are still building Russian adobe stoves with their own hands. The heating device can be placed not only on the street, but also inside the dwelling. In addition, often such a stove is used as a boiler for a bath, and if you need to decorate the garden, then it can be done in a decorative style with hand-drawn drawings. The main advantage of the design is low cost, and other advantages include the following parameters:
- Small size.
- Environmental friendliness - the stove is made from natural building materials that do not harmenvironment. In addition, harmless raw materials are used for the furnace (firewood, peat, straw, and so on).
- Low cost - the design can be made from materials that do not have to be bought in a store. Clay and sand are the main elements for making a stove. The main thing is to mix the solution correctly.
- Quick erection and easy operation. However, before you make an adobe oven, you must carefully study the instructions.
- Practicality - the design can be used not only as heating equipment, but also for cooking, drying clothes and as a bath boiler. In addition, it is an original decorative element that can be used to decorate the garden.
But there is also a drawback: a lot of clay is needed to build a furnace. To get the right solution, you need to be able to knead it. That is why the production of the structure begins with this technological process.
Solution: general information
To create a Russian adobe oven, you will have to knead the solution by hand. All that is required to complete this process is to strictly follow the instructions with which you can get the right consistency. If this condition is violated, then the fat content of the clay will not correspond to the characteristics that are necessary to create the structure. The only thing we know for sure is that there is no perfect proportion, so you will have to experiment a little.
To prepare a clay solution, you will need the following components:
- sand;
- clay;
- water.
The finished mortar must be strong and with minimal shrinkage. As a rule, the more sand is added, the higher the clay composition shrinkage and the lower the resistance of the finished furnace. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly combine all the components to obtain the optimal mixture.
Experts recommend first making some test mortar for the construction of an adobe oven. If the resulting mixture will make a reliable temporary structure, then you can start building the equipment in full size.
However, you need to know: to reduce shrinkage, you need to add as little water as possible.
The initial stage is the preparation of the solution
Builders recommend using components in a ratio of 2:1 to create a mixture, where the first indicator is the content of fine sand, and the second is clay. Before preparing the solution, you need to know exactly how much composition is needed to make the furnace. As a rule, for laying a medium-sized structure, approximately 3.5 m are needed3 clay-sand mixture.
You need to prepare the solution in a special wooden container, upholstered in tin, in which the clay must be soaked for two days. After this time, sand must be added to the solution. The resulting mixture will have to be stirred with your feet until you get a thick mixture without lumps of clay. Large fragments can be crushed with a shovel or hoe. If, as a result, large clots remain in the solution, then they will have to bepull out and break with hands.
To prepare the solution, add an amount of water equal to ¼ of the volume of clay. The main thing is to use high-quality liquid. It can be river or rain water. As a result, a plastic mixture should be obtained, from which an adobe furnace will be erected.
Checking the quality of the solution by drying
This method is a good way to determine the readiness of the mixture. To check the fat content of the solution by drying, you need to perform a few simple steps:
- Knead the clay with water until thick, and then soften the lumps with your hands, if any. Next, you need to roll a small ball from the resulting mixture and put it between two flat boards.
- Slowly squeeze the lump until cracks appear on it.
To determine the fat content, it is necessary to take into account the degree of compression of the ball and the shape of its breaks. Normal is the solution in which the round lump begins to crack when squeezed by 1⁄3 from the original diameter.
Adise kiln: foundation technology
After preparing the solution, it is necessary to start building a strong foundation. For its organization, it is necessary to perform such simple technological work:
- Dig a pit, the depth of which should be at least 25 cm, and its width should be 10 cm more than the base.
- Pour clay mortarreceived notch.
- Lay a layer of stones.
- Fill the pit again with mixture.
This is a simple technique for making a solid base.
Formwork installation
For its manufacture, the masonry must be raised approximately 20 cm from the ground. The top layer is laid out with a thick clay mortar, after which it is necessary to lay a waterproofing material on it (for example, roofing material or plastic wrap).
The final step in this process is to fix the planed boards 25 cm thick on top, which must be laid crosswise. It is necessary to build several such layers.
Assembling the oven
The main part of the device can begin to be erected when the base and formwork are fully strengthened. First, stones must be laid on the foundation, which must be connected with clay mortar. The recommended height of this structural part of the oven is about 20 cm. An important point: the top 5 cm must be made only from the mixture.
The next step is to install the outer part of the formwork from boards knocked into a strong box on the hearth, the dimensions of which should be 60 x 120 x 140 cm. After that, you need to build the inside, while leaving a hole measuring 20 x 20 cm. It will be needed in the future to burn the formwork. When these works are completed, it is necessary to weddle the outer boards with stakes so that the structure does not deform during use.
The space between the sticks must be filled with clay mortar, but before that you needsecure the hole from the mixture. To obtain a dense layer, it is necessary to carefully compact it. It is better to strengthen the corners with reinforcement, which must be placed 10 cm above the inner formwork. The diameter of the metal rods must be at least 10 mm.
The prepared structure should harden in a week. This time is enough to result in a strong adobe oven. However, after three days, it is necessary to remove the outer part of the formwork, and then cut the mouth of the structure with the following dimensions:
- height - 32 cm;
- width - 38 cm.
Then you need to remove the protective board through the resulting hole, which should be made in the form of an arch.
Final stage - drying and finishing of the structure
If the previous work was done correctly, then at the end it is necessary to give the furnace a finished look. The structure should be erected only in warm weather, since it will dry for a long time if the temperature is low outside. In summer, this process will take a week, but this time directly depends on the quality of the solution and the amount of water added.
However, there are some tricks with which you can reduce the drying time of the structure. To do this, it is necessary to kindle a weak fire in the oven for 30 minutes, but no more. This procedure must be done several times a day. In addition, the masters say: the longer the structure dries, the better it will be. If you need to speed up this process, you can kindle a fire, but it is better to wait until the furnace devicewill harden on its own.
Do not forget that you need to make additional elements: a blade and a damper. You can make these accessories from wood. The task of the damper is to close the mouth. It is recommended to make a board for a shovel with a thickness of 25 mm.
To make a adobe oven more beautiful with your own hands, you need to whitewash it. For these purposes, you can use ordinary materials, for example, chalk or lime. In addition, patterns are sometimes drawn on the surface of the structure using watercolors.
Operating Rules
The formwork inside the oven must be set on fire. If this is not done, then otherwise it will not be possible to extract it. Such actions must be carried out carefully, because due to careless handling, the structure may crack or even collapse. If, nevertheless, defective places appear, then you can repair the adobe stove. As a rule, for this, cracks must be expanded and simply covered with a solution. If all the described actions are done correctly, then you can safely kindle a fire.
Initially, the structure should be heated for about 2 hours. Dry firewood can be used as raw material. The stove from burnt firebrands should be cleaned with a poker. After the device must be tightly closed and wait 20 minutes. During this time, the temperature inside the structure stabilizes, so you can put food in it, which will warm up evenly from all sides.
Conclusion
The article described the manufacturing processclay oven. This device can be made independently, but the main thing is to follow the instructions, with which the construction of the structure will not take much time. In addition, you will need a minimum of tools and materials. If a person has minimal building skills, making a stove is easy for him.
