When planning the interior in a two-story own house, cottage, you must definitely pay attention to the arrangement of the stairs. It can become a real decoration of the room. Not every interior is suitable for a wooden structure. In some cases, it is much more expedient to assemble it from metal. How to build a staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands will be discussed in detail later.
Material advantages
Even a master without work experience can make a ladder from a profile pipe with his own hands (a photo of the finished work is presented below). The presented design has a lot of positive qualities. The metal profile pipe is very strong and durable. Therefore, the stairs from it have the same characteristics, if the master adheres to the building rules during the assembly process.
It is quite possible to mount a ladder from a profile pipe on your own. To do this, it is enough to purchase the required amount of material, as well as the appropriate tools. Connections are made by welding. To do this, you need to purchase a welding inverter. Before proceeding with the installation, you need to practice creating welds on unnecessary material. In just a few minutes, you can learn how to handle welding equipment. Modern welding inverters allow even a master without experience to assemble a metal structure quickly and efficiently.
Due to the special qualities of the material, the frame of the structure is assembled quickly. The accuracy of all its elements is easily preserved. For almost any style of interior, you can create an appropriate design. To do this, you will need to create a drawing before starting work.
Do-it-yourself metal ladder from a profile pipe is assembled quickly. At the same time, the work will not require large financial costs. Metal pipes are relatively inexpensive. With the right choice of material, it will not be necessary to carry out annual maintenance of the structure. Stainless pipes do not require additional protection, so they do not need to be painted. The material remains resistant to moisture and dampness. Stainless pipes are strong and durable. Therefore, the structure will be used for a long time, will remain safe during operation.
Material selection
You need to choose the right material for making stairs. To do this, you need to purchase a profile pipe with a square orrectangular section. Its size should be 60 x 40 cm. Otherwise, the design will not meet the building requirements. Some novice craftsmen, wanting to save money, choose a material with a smaller cross section. It is worth noting that a self-assembled staircase from a profile pipe 20 x 40 cm is simply deformed during operation. She is unable to bear the load.
A do-it-yourself ladder made of a profile pipe 20 x 40 cm has a flimsy look. But it is also worth remembering that too large a section of the material makes the design bulky. She looks too massive, rough. This gives the staircase an unpresentable look. Lighter material is more suitable for indoor stairs. In this case, the load on the foundation will be less.
Also, when choosing metal pipes, you need to take into account the thickness of their walls. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations of experts. Experienced builders are not advised to purchase thick-walled profile pipes for assembling stairs. The design will look massive, it will weigh a lot. This increases the load on the foundation. It is best to choose thick-walled material for purchasing it on the porch. Do-it-yourself ladder from a profile pipe in this case will be strong and reliable. It will be possible to create a separate foundation for it by connecting it to the base of the house.
To assemble the structure indoors, it is best to purchase pipes with a wall thickness of 5-7 mm. This avoids the occurrence of vibrations during the operation of the structure.
Varieties of designs
Stairs for a porch made of a profile pipe 60 by 40 mm or for interfloor ceilings can be of different designs. There are the following varieties:
- Attached. This is the easiest option. Such a ladder consists of two support posts, between which there are rungs. The design is light in weight, so it is portable. Most often used for attics. It can be folded, allowing the structure to fold. In this case, the ladder will not take up much space, it will be lowered with the help of a mechanism when the owners of the house need to go up to the attic or attic.
- Step-ladder. With your own hands, you can assemble such a design from a profile pipe. It has an ordinary ladder on one side, and a support on the other. If necessary, the ladder unfolds or folds, forming an acute angle between its two parts. The top step is a platform on which you can stand. This is a mobile design, often used for household purposes.
- Marching. The structure of the structure in this case is more complex. Beams are fixed at one level, on which steps are fixed. The marching staircase can be single-level. This design option is used both inside the house and for the porch. If there are several spans interconnected by platforms, then this is a multi-level flight staircase. It is more often equipped inside the house. The basis for such a staircase is a kosour. He holds the stepsfrom below. Instead of a kosour, a bowstring can be used. It supports the steps from the ends.
- Screw. The steps are located on the support post, rising up in a spiral. On the other hand, railings are welded to them. This staircase takes up very little space, so it is equipped even in small rooms. It can become the main decoration of the interior, if you carefully think over the design in advance.
- Boltsevye. It settles next to the wall, as special bolts are cut into it. Steps are fixed on them. It is important that the wall is built of a durable material such as brick or concrete.
Required and optional design elements
When creating a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands or a step-ladder, a marching, screw-type construction or on bolts, it is necessary to develop a preliminary drawing. To do this, consider what elements the staircase consists of, what parameters they are characterized by.
The stairs have mandatory and optional elements. The first of them are present in any stationary type construction (marching, on the rails, screw). Secondary elements serve to create a certain appearance or are needed only for certain types of stairs.
Any design has steps and supports with which they are fixed. Not only comfort, but also safety of operation depends on the correctness of their design. Steps consist of two parts - risers and steps. The second one is underthe first part of the step. There is a step even in the simplest design. The riser serves as an additional support, it is not always used.
A mandatory element of a ladder from a profile pipe is a support. Its appearance differs in different designs. For a marching ladder, the support is a kosour or bowstring; for bolt varieties, these are special strong bolts. For a ladder and an attached structure, the steps rest on the side rails, and for a spiral staircase, on a rack in the center.
Additional elements for stairs built between two walls are railings. In other stationary type structures, this is a mandatory element. The railing rests on balusters. The presence of these structural elements increases the safety of the stairs.
Horizontal platforms can be provided between two marches. These are additional parts of the design. If there is not enough space in the room to equip a stationary structure on the rails or marching type, add similar platforms.
Creating a drawing
Careful study of each detail requires an interfloor staircase from a profile pipe before assembly. What diameter and thickness of the material is suitable for its creation, you also need to determine before starting work.
The slope angle of the stairs cannot be less than 30º and more than 55º. If this requirement cannot be met due to the modest dimensions of the room, turntables are created or a spiral staircase is chosen for construction.
Horizontal spans should be a multiple of a person's step. Therefore theymost often have a length of 0.5-1 m.
It is necessary to calculate in advance the load that will act on the structure. It must withstand 330-360 kg/m².
The structure must have railings. You can do without them, only when assembling a ladder, a ladder from a profile pipe. With your own hands, you can also assemble a marching structure or on rails without railings, if they are located between two walls. There are a number of building requirements to consider when designing this structural element.
The railing is at a height of 85-90 cm (depending on the height of the owners of the house) from the steps. Under them are balusters, the distance between which is 20-25 cm. If the owners of the house have small children, you need to take a step between the supports of the railing 10-15 cm.
The number of steps is calculated according to the size of the stairs. But at the same time, it is worth considering that a person must start the movement with one foot, and finish it with the other. This ensures driving comfort. It is unacceptable for steps to be of different heights. Otherwise, the risk of injury increases significantly.
Calculating the dimensions of the stairs
A ladder made of a profile pipe 60 by 40 mm must be correctly calculated. In this case, it should be taken into account that the steps should be 10-15 cm high. This value is taken into account in the calculations. The width of the steps must also be calculated in accordance with existing requirements. The minimum size is 20 cm. It is best to make steps with a tread width of 25 to 30 cm. Otherwise, the foot will not fully touch the surface. This isalso increases the risk of falling down stairs.
To assemble a staircase from a professional pipe with your own hands, you need to calculate it correctly. Measure the room, determining in which part of it the staircase will be located. Next, on a piece of paper, draw a plan of the room, indicating the dimensions. Next, you need to draw a perpendicular line from the floor to the ceiling on the first floor. On the surface of the floor from the point of intersection of it with a straight line, draw another line. It will have a length corresponding to the free space in the room. This amount of space will be taken by the stairs.
From the end of the line drawn on the floor, lay a line to the ceiling. It turns out a right triangle. On the side where the hypotenuse is located, there will be steps. It is necessary to determine the angle that is formed between the lines of the leg and the hypotenuse. It should be, as mentioned above, 30-55º. If the angle does not meet the requirements, turntables are included in the design.
Next, the number of steps is calculated. The height of the room is divided by the height of the riser (from 10 to 15 cm). On the hypotenuse, make such a number of marks that turned out in the calculation. Every detail of the future staircase is being worked out in the drawing.
Start mounting
To assemble an interfloor staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands, you need to purchase the required amount of materials, prepare the appropriate tools. In addition to a profile pipe with a section of 60x40 or 80x60 mm, you will need to purchasestraps for fastening steps. It is also rolled metal with a square cross section and a size of 25x25 or 30x30 mm.
Steps are usually made from boards. They must be durable, have a thickness of at least 4 cm. The surface of the boards must be of high quality. They are fixed to the jumpers with self-tapping screws. The mount looks spectacular when using hidden fittings. These, for example, can be self-tapping screws of the Fisher TB system. Their size is chosen in accordance with the dimensions of the pipes and the thickness of the boards. The screws will need to go through the metal rungs and 2/3 of the height of the wood.
Since the ladder will be welded from a profile pipe with your own hands, you need to prepare an inverter. If the master does not know how to use it, you need to practice on an unnecessary piece of metal workpiece. It is important to read the welding equipment manufacturer's instructions before starting work.
In addition to the inverter, you need to purchase a grinder and nozzles for it (for corner cutting of metal and processing of seams after welding). You will also need an electric drill and a screwdriver, drills for metal and wood, a jigsaw. If the boards have not been sanded, they acquire a special nozzle and circles with large and small abrasive for a grinder or drill. To connect the structural parts correctly, you need to use a clamp.
Kosoura assembly
To assemble a metal staircase with your own hands from a profile pipe, you need to weld the elements of the stringer. Its design is being developed at the planning stage.construction works. In accordance with the drawing, the required number of parts is calculated. They must have a length calculated in accordance with the plan.
Cut the details of the kosour so that their joint forms a right angle. To do this, the metal is cut with a grinder at an angle of 45º. Before cutting the pipes, a high-quality markup is carried out. Since a significant load will act on the pipe in the process of creating a cut, it must be clamped in a vise. After performing the correct markup (it is better to double-check several times), the grinder makes a cut.
Further on the assembly table, lines are drawn along which the prepared parts are laid out. You need to combine them so that you get a right angle.
If a small gap appears between the parts, their edges are corrected. To do this, use a grinder with a grinding wheel. You cannot make a new cut. It is only necessary to clean the edges, bringing them to perfection. Prepared parts are laid out on a lined table. They are firmly fixed with clamps. Next, once again check the linear dimensions of the workpieces, as well as the perpendicularity of all corners. Before they are connected, you can make small adjustments. When all the details are cut, aligned and rechecked, you can proceed to the next step.
First, the prepared elements of the stringer are pointwise welded together. Next, the structure is turned over and the same procedure is performed on the reverse side. After that, you can fasten all the elements with a solid seam. It is led from the corner to the center. The seams are cleaned of slag, treated with a grinder. Stringers are treated with paint for metal.
Installation of stairs
When assembling a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands, you need to check both stringers. They are combined, check the evenness of each element. Make adjustments if necessary. Further, both kosour are attached to the surfaces of the floor and ceiling. If the ladder passes near the main wall, one of the assembled supports is fixed to it using special anchors.
If the design provides for the presence of turntables, support posts are equipped under them.
When assembling a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands, you need to weld supports for steps from thin profile pipes. The seams are cleaned with high quality, and the finished frame is painted with a special compound.
Holes are drilled in the corresponding sections of the stringers and the created frame for the steps. The diameter should be 9 mm. One step requires 4 concealed anchors (2 on each side).
Finishing installation
When you finish assembling the stairs from the profile pipe with your own hands, you need to install anchors in the prepared holes. The taps are directed with the tip up. The board is leveled on the prepared section of the frame. The master stands on it so that the holes from the taps are printed on the reverse side. The board is turned over and holes with a diameter of 14 mm and a depth of 25 mm are drilled according to the marks created.
The plastic parts of the anchors are inserted into the holes on the metal frame. In them with a screwdriverscrew the metal parts of the latch. A board is installed on them, the holes in which are filled with wood glue. She is strongly pressed to the base.
Then install the railing. To do this, balusters are first welded. Railings are installed on top of them. In conclusion, the finishing of the structure is carried out. Welds are cleaned and ground, and it is desirable to paint the metal parts of the structure.
