On problematic soils, especially those prone to movement, such a type of foundation as a floating foundation is often used as a support for buildings. It is a monolithic slab, located immediately under the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house. In the event that movement occurs, the foundation will move along with the ground and the entire building. As a result, the walls will remain safe and sound.
Floating foundation is also called "slab". In construction, several types of such foundations are used for the building: deep, medium deep and shallow. In private housing construction, with self-construction of houses, almost only the last type of slab foundation is used. This is primarily due to the fact that its construction is a rather laborious and costly process in terms of money. For the same reason, experts advise private traders to use such a foundation only for small buildings. So, how do you build such a foundation yourself?
First of all, you need to prepare the site. From herremove all garbage, uproot bushes, etc. Then make markings around the entire perimeter of the future building. It is important to ensure that all corners are right. After this work is completed, they begin to dig a pit for the actual floating foundation.
The depth of laying depends on the characteristics of the soil on the site. Usually, the level of groundwater and the depth of soil freezing are taken into account. Formwork is installed around the entire perimeter of the pit.
Further, in order to arrange a floating foundation, a layer of sand mixed with gravel is poured onto the bottom of the pit, which will serve as a kind of reinforcing cushion and at the same time drainage. The thickness of the layer depends primarily on the severity of the future walls of the building. 5 cm concrete is poured over the sand and waterproofing is mounted. To do this, lay the bottom of the pit with roofing material in two layers in different directions, smearing the seams with bitumen.
A floating foundation, the construction technology of which is not particularly difficult, must be reinforced. To do this, wooden bars of the same thickness are installed on the waterproofing layer in several places. They will serve as a support for the reinforcing mesh.
The latter is made from bars 10-16 mm. The thickness also depends on the gravity of the house. The mesh size of the reinforcing mesh is 2020 cm. It is best if it is not welded, but connected by wire. Bars are again installed on it, and on them - the second same design. Thus, the future foundation will be reliably reinforced. All that needs to be done next is to pour concrete over this entire structure. The foundation must be carefully leveled at the top. The final concrete will mature a month after pouring. After that, you can mount the waterproofing and walls.
Like any other design, a floating foundation has some drawbacks. First of all, it is, as mentioned above, its rather high cost. After all, it takes much more concrete, metal, crushed stone and sand than, say, the same tape or column. In addition, the complexity and huge amount of work do not allow the construction of such a structure without the use of technology. It is unlikely that you will be able to dig a pit even under a small building using only a shovel, not to mention pouring it with concrete.
Therefore, it is worth first of all to decide on the expediency of using such a type of foundation under the house as a floating foundation. The disadvantages of such a support can make a more successful and correct choice, for example, of a tape or pile structure.
