It's hard to imagine a comfortable house or apartment without warm water. Proper organization of hot water supply (DHW) is necessary not only for domestic needs, but is also the basis of personal hygiene. A warm morning shower or a relaxing evening bath have become everyday routines. But few people know the specifics of the organization of hot water supply. What is it, what important requirements must be observed when designing a system and how to monitor its condition? To answer these questions, you need to understand the fundamental principles of hot water.
What is DHW: tasks and functions
The main function of this system is to provide water with a proper temperature indicator for a residential or industrial premises. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the liquid, the characteristics of its pressure in the pipes and the method of increasing the temperature to the required value. Depending on the last parameter, the DHW system is divided into 2 types:
- Central. Water is heated at thermal substations (CHP) and is already supplied to consumers through pipelines.
- Autonomous. To achieve the requiredtemperature conditions are set by special heating devices - boilers, storage boilers or gas water heaters. This type of DHW organization is designed for a small area of \u200b\u200bthe premises - an apartment or a house.
Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. The central system is more convenient for consumers, but only if its operation is constant and meets the standards of temperature and water composition. Alas, this situation in our country is the exception rather than the rule. Central hot water supply - what is it, a reliable way to ensure comfort in an apartment or a "headache" for consumers? This largely depends on the degree of diligence of local regulatory and control bodies.
The stand-alone method is more expensive, as it requires the installation of special equipment, laying water pipes. However, its performance and degree of comfort far exceeds the central hot water supply. The consumer himself can set the temperature level, control the energy consumption.
Hot water requirements
Frequent planned shutdowns and low temperatures are the main disadvantages of central hot water supply. Such situations occur frequently, but according to current laws, their frequency is strictly regulated. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 defines the following norms:
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hot water system Water temperature should not be lower than +40 °C, and its deviation does not exceed 3-5 °C.
- Total DHW shutdown time. What is it and what indicators should be observed? Gener altime - no more than 8 hours per month.
- The maximum period of preventive maintenance in the summer season is 14 days.
The composition of water must necessarily comply with sanitary standards SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09.
To control the flow of the coolant, special devices for hot water supply are installed. Meters are installed only by representatives of the managing organization with which an agreement is concluded for the supply of hot water to an apartment or house.
Autonomous systems
The practical implementation of these systems requires a professional approach to each stage of work. For design, you should know the main types of autonomous hot water supply. What it is, and how effectively a certain type will work, depends on the initial technical parameters.
Cumulative
Water is taken from an external source into the storage device boiler and then heated to the desired temperature. A DHW scheme of this type is applicable for country houses and cottages.
Modern boiler designs have a number of additional features:
- Several modes of operation - economical, optimal and maximum. It is also possible to delay the start of heating.
- Insulation of the case ensures heat retention, which directly affects energy consumption.
- A large selection of models differing depending on the usable volume, functional and operational characteristics.
Electric heating elements are used to achieve the desired temperature level -Heating elements.
Flow through
In apartment buildings, the use of heat-exchange water heaters is popular. Depending on the installed equipment, the following types of devices exist:
- flow heaters;
- double-circuit heating boilers.
Electric energy or thermal energy resulting from gas combustion can be used as energy carriers. The latter method is preferable, since it is less financially costly and more efficient due to its low inertia.
Regardless of the choice, any DHW system must comply with the standards, perform its direct functions and be absolutely safe for users.
