Often, goods are transported by rail or by road train, the dimensions of which go beyond the standard limits. They are called oversized, require special marking, fixing and stowage during loading. Dimension - what is it and why is it needed? There are several main types of dimensions that are used to calculate the type of a particular cargo, equipment, and also allow you to take into account travel routes in problem areas.
Railway gauges
Given that trains travel in a strictly fixed direction and cannot turn around to go around an unexpected obstacle, there are certain dimensions related to buildings, cargo and rolling stock that have clear and fixed dimensions.
The outline perpendicular to the axis of the track, in which a railway stock standing on a straight track should be placed, without parts going beyond this contour, regardless of the load, is called the gauge of the rolling stock. These dimensions refer to wagons and platforms that circulate on all types of tracks.general purpose of Russian railways and can be operated exclusively on lines where devices and buildings meet the requirements included in the size of the building.
Zoom Buildings
Dimension - what is in relation to the approach of buildings on the railway? The maximum transverse contour, inside which, in addition to trains and other rolling stock, other elements of devices and structures should not go, is the clearance of buildings.
Excluded from this list are only parts directly related to the train (ensuring its operation). These include:
- Hump retarders for wagons.
- Contact network.
- Signal and communication devices.
The placement of these devices within the overall space must be coordinated by the elements interacting directly with them. The state standard provides for two types of dimensions for approaching buildings: "C" and "Sp".
Cargo and equipment (dimensions)
Dimensions and dimensions of cargo are regulated by the loading gauge. It represents the maximum transverse contour in which the load must be placed, without any parts going beyond the established norms. This indicator is close to that of the rolling stock, but has larger width tolerances of 15 cm (340 instead of 325).
Products and goods that cannot be placed in accordance with the loading gauge are classified as oversized items. They are transported toin the manner prescribed by the Russian Railways. In order to control the correct placement of transported objects at points of mass loading (on access roads, in ports, at transfer points), clearance gates are mounted that control the freedom of passage of a loaded transport train.
Container dimensions
To ensure safety, efficiency and maximum productivity during loading and unloading and transport operations, all containers have certain fixed dimensions, depending on the type. Below are the dimensions of containers that are most often used in the transportation of goods.
Standard twenty-foot version:
- External length/height/width - 6096/2591/2370 (mm).
- Similar internal readings - 5935/2383/2335 (mm).
- Maximum weight (tare) - 24 tons.
- Limited load - 21, 92 t.
- Volume - 33.9 cu. m.
Forty-foot refrigerated container:
- External length/height/width - 12192/2591/2438 (mm).
- Similar internal dimensions - 11555/2280/2286 (mm).
- Gross weight (maximum) – 30, 48 t.
- Tara (weight) – 4, 37 t.
- Limited load - 26, 11 t.
Requirements and dimensions for oversized cargo
Oversized cargo is transported products, the size of which goes beyond the limits established by the relevant paragraphs of the transportation rules, as well as technical indicatorsvehicle (TC). Such goods are not intended for transportation on ordinary trucks or wagons.
According to the rules of the road, oversized cargo must be transported by transport, the overall dimensions of which have the following indicators:
- Width (mm) – 2500.
- Length (mm) – 20,000.
- Altitude from road level – 4000 m.
If the dimensions, dimensions of the cargo are more than four meters wide, it must be transported under the supervision and accompanied by traffic police officers.
Vehicle functionality restrictions in terms of capacity:
- Height - 2500 mm.
- Length - 13,600 mm.
- Width - 2500 mm.
If at least one indicator is exceeded, the products are classified as oversized cargo. Dimensions will affect the cost of transportation.
Features
Knowing the concept of "dimension", what it is and what its features are, it is much easier to navigate the optimal choice of cargo transportation. It is not always acceptable to transport goods that are larger than the normative indicators. All pros and cons should be considered.
Merits include the following:
- Guarantees of the carrier on the safety of products and ensuring traffic safety.
- Ability to use different types of transport, depending on the characteristics of the cargo.
- How can railway rolling stock be operated.
Among the shortcomings there are suchaspects:
- Difficulty in mounting and stowage of cargo, the dimensions of which make it impossible to optimally place it on the transport platform.
- The need to coordinate such transportation with the Federal Road Transportation Service.
- High cost.
Methods of transportation
Dimensions of equipment or other goods that exceed the standard dimensions require an individual approach to their transportation in each case.
If the goods have an excessively large mass, then it is appropriate to use platforms with an appropriate load capacity and the maximum possible number of axles, which serve to protect against deformation of the roadway and ensure weight distribution over the entire loading plane.
Transportation of oversized cargo can be carried out by special vehicles (ferries, barges, transshipment ships, high-power truck tractors, special railway rolling stock).
Conclusion
In the transportation of goods, it is very important to take into account any size. What it is, has been discussed above. In short, we can summarize that the standard size is a guideline, exceeding which requires a different approach to the transport of goods, taking into account its width, length, height and weight. These same parameters mainly affect the choice of the vehicle that will be transported. At the same time, vehicles must be equipped with special signs and plates warning ofoversized cargo.
