One of the most popular power tools today is a hammer drill. It is used by both professionals and home masters. In order to choose the right power tool in accordance with your goals, you will need to consider the recommendations of experts. Next, the principle of operation of the puncher, the types of this equipment, reviews of the best models will be considered.
The difference between a hammer drill and an impact drill
To choose the right power tool, you need to consider the classification, device and principle of operation of rotary hammers. This equipment has a number of characteristic features. Do not confuse a hammer drill and an impact drill, as the principle of their work is completely different. The blows in these tools have different strength, as their origin in both varieties of power tools is different.
In a percussion drill, the punch works by means of a gear,which have two wheels (rattles). At the same time, the performance is quite low, the impacts are relatively weak. Hard concrete won't budge with an impact drill.
Considering the principle of operation of the Caliber, Bosch, Interskol and other manufacturers, the following can be noted. This tool is designed for drilling holes in hard materials. The punch system can be electro-pneumatic or electro-mechanical. This allows you to create an impact force of high power. The master does not need to put pressure on the tool. The easiest way to work with pneumatic hammers. This is a modern mechanism that is popular today.
Device
The principle of operation of the Makita, Bosch, Hitachi, Interskol and other types of punch is almost identical. The device of the tool assumes the presence of several mandatory structural elements:
- Electric motor. It can be vertical (in heavy and medium models) and horizontal (in light hammers). In the second case, the blow falls on the motor area, which reduces the life of the equipment. Vertically mounted engines have a high-quality cooling system. This affects the quality of the tool, which is more often used by professionals.
- Impact mechanism. Can be mechanical, electromechanical or pneumatic.
- Reducer. Transmits torque to the chuck axis from the motor, reduces the rotation speed.
- Anti-vibration device. Increases the quality of work, reduces the harmful effects on the he alth of the master.
- Case. Made from high impact plastic.
- Electric diagram. Controls the speed of the motor.
- Overload clutch. Stops rotation when the tool jams, protects the hands of the master from injury.
Operation principle
The device and principle of operation of the perforator is relatively simple. The system has a percussion mechanism. It can be made in different ways. The impact mechanism is driven by a motor.
The electromagnetic mechanism works on the principle of functioning of two coils. They provide the forward-return movement of the core, which, in turn, transmits blows to the end of the drill.
If the mechanism is pneumatic, the reciprocating motion is created by a piston, which is located in the cylinder. This system has two versions. The first involves the presence of an oscillating bearing. The second type of pneumatic system uses a crank mechanism combined with a gearbox.
When the shaft rotates, oscillatory movements of the piston appear. It pumps air into the cylinder, which is pressurized inside. This sets the striker and ram in motion. This is how percussive movements are created.
Additional features
Considering the principle of operation of the impact mechanism of the perforator, it should be noted that there are several additional modes. Yes, there is an idlemove. In this case, the mechanism is not pressed against a hard surface and switches itself off. Therefore, there is no compression pressure. In this case, the blows stop.
The working mechanism is stationary. In this case, the shaft speed can be adjusted. For this, a button is provided on the case. The launch is smooth. In most modern models, the button is supplemented with a trigger limit control. This allows you to set the speed and power of the electric motor.
To protect the master from injury, a special protective sleeve is used. It is triggered if the tool jams while drilling. At this point, the clutch disconnects the shaft from the gearbox. The mechanism immediately stops.
How a complex system works
Considering the principle of operation of the perforator, it is worth noting the action of a more complex mechanism. Some models use more complex electronic systems. They are called constant electronics. Such a system is designed to maintain a constant, given energy upon impact.
This system avoids performance degradation if the load increases. This is especially noticeable at low revs.
Some professional models have armature rotation control. In the event of an increase in load, reserve power is started.
Often the craftsman has to drill holes in materials that create a lot of dust. This leads to rapid barrel wear.tool, and also negatively affects the he alth of the master. Therefore, many models of modern rotary hammers are equipped with a built-in vacuum cleaner. It collects small abrasive particles from the drilling area, increasing comfort and work quality.
Varieties
Considering the principle of operation of the hammer drill, you should pay attention to the varieties of the presented power tools. It can be mains or rechargeable. The choice must be made in accordance with the characteristics of the operation.
Network models are more common. They can have both vertically and horizontally located electric motor. Battery models are used only when it is not possible to connect to a fixed network. They have a battery mounted directly on the case.
In some cases, the puncher is endowed with a gasoline engine. It is most suitable for offsite roadworks.
Pneumatic rock drill is used when working in unsafe environment. This may be required, for example, when working in close proximity to gas appliances. Even a small spark can cause an explosion. Therefore, in such conditions, it is permissible to use only pneumatic tools.
Mass punchers
Studying the principle of operation of the Makita 2450, DeW alt 25103 and other popular models, one more nuance should be noted. On sale are models that differ in their weight:
- Light (up to 3 kg). Used to create small holes, such as dowels or anchors.
- Medium (3-5kg). Can create holes in reinforced structure or hard stone.
- Heavy (more than 5 kg). In terms of functions, it can replace a small jackhammer. Therefore, such equipment allows you to create holes in concrete, the thickness of which is up to 6 cm.
Functionality
Considering the principle of operation of the perforator, it is worth noting that this equipment has the ability to perform various operations. Depending on the modes and nozzles used, it is possible not only to drill holes of different thicknesses and depths. With the help of the presented equipment, you can mix the mortar, perform surface grinding. Also, using the appropriate nozzles, you can clean the surface from various contaminants, finishing materials.
In addition, depending on the model, a chasing function can be provided, which is used to dismantle ceramic tiles, create channels for electrical communications in the walls.
It is possible to drill surfaces and destroy them in chiseling mode without rotation. Also, some rotary hammers have a screwdriver function. This makes it easy to assemble or dismantle furniture.
Top Producers
To choose the right model of puncher, you need to pay attention to the reviews of manufacturers. There are several market leaders whose products are bought more often than others. Bosch is the market leader. The equipment of this manufacturer is recognized as one of the best in the world.
Japanese brand Makita keeps up with its German competitor. This company produces a large number of rotary hammer models with different functionality.
DeW alt operates in America. This is a high-quality, proven technique that does not fail in any conditions. There are lines with household and professional models.
The principle of operation of Hitachi punchers is thought out to the smallest detail. This is a quality product that excels in performance and functionality.
Best domestic manufacturer
"Interskol" is a domestic manufacturer. Products are in demand due to high quality and reasonable cost. The principle of operation of Interskol perforators is also well thought out. In many respects, it is not inferior to more expensive foreign brands. Another domestic brand in demand in the construction market is Caliber. The products of this manufacturer are gaining popularity.
Best Professional Model
The special operating principle of Bosch rotary hammers makes them the best in the world. One of the most popular professional models is Bocsh GBH 7-46 DE. The kit includes a quick-release chuck, with which you can get holes both very small and quite large. The service life is long, up to 8 years. This perforator is easy to use, it even drills metal fittings up to 6 mm thick. At the same time, the cost is relatively acceptable - 35 thousand rubles.
Flawmodels is a large weight (8, 2 kg), as well as heating during prolonged operation. It is inconvenient to work without an auxiliary handle. During operation, the tool vibrates strongly. The location of the fan is also not good. It is at the bottom, so it quickly becomes clogged with dirt.
Another interesting model for professionals is the Makita HR 5211. This rotary hammer is faster than other analog models. It copes with any solid materials of partitions. The model has an anti-vibration system, so you can work without stopping for a long time. The cost of the tool is about 50 thousand rubles. At the same time, the high cost pays off with a long service life.
The disadvantage is the very large weight - 12 kg. Only a strong person can use it in work. Bulky equipment is inconvenient when working in a limited space.
Household models
The Makita 2450 perforator's special operating principle makes it the best model in the household tool class. He has enough punching power. At the same time, there is no recoil from the perforator. This model is easy to work with. It has three modes, which allows you to perform different operations. At the same time, the cost of equipment is acceptable - 8 thousand rubles.
The disadvantage of this model, users call the need to carry out repairs after a year of operation. Not suitable for regular, daily use. The ammo on this perforator is rather weak.
Another popular model is the DeW alt 25103. It is a lightweight (2.6 kg), compact model that featuresdurability. It is quite functional, the modes switch smoothly. The drill hole is protected against dust.
The disadvantage is the relatively high cost, given that the hammer is designed for household work. Its price is 10 thousand rubles. In order for the tool to drill well, you need to press hard on it. The start button is fixed insufficiently well. Gets hot when used for a long time.
