Electrical wiring in a private house can be done on your own. This work is not difficult or out of the ordinary. But you still need to have certain knowledge in order to avoid mistakes that can not only lead to incorrect operation of both all communication systems and its individual elements, but also threaten the he alth of the inhabitants of the house.
Wiring in a private house begins primarily with the connection to power lines (power lines). For these purposes, a cable with aluminum conductors is used. This is due to the fact that the wires of power lines are made of the same material. If you use a copper cable, then when it comes into direct contact with aluminum, the wires begin to oxidize. And this can lead to a power outage due to a sharp increase in the resistance of the wire connection or burnout of the input cable or,even worse, the wires of power lines.
The cross section of the input cable is of great importance. He, like all electrical wiring in a private house in general, must withstand the entire load. Therefore, before buying a cable, it is necessary to calculate the required cross section. To do this, you need to know exactly the power that will be consumed by all electrical appliances in the house. These include: lamps, electric stove, washing machine and dishwasher, electric heaters and so on. For an introductory aluminum cable, the cross section of the conductors is selected according to the calculation, in which 10 sq. mm sections provide a load of 17 kW. Based on this ratio, you should choose a cable that will already be used to connect the shield in the house to the power line.
Next, you need to determine the number of machines in the shield and their characteristics. Wiring in a private house will be of high quality and safe only with the right choice of protective devices. The best option is to use separate circuit breakers for each of the rooms. It is also recommended to install a separate automatic shutdown device for appliances such as an electric stove, washing machine and other appliances with high energy consumption. For such separate rooms, such as a veranda, garage, hallway, you can install one common machine. As for the operating characteristics, there are two of them - this is the permissible operating current and the limiting short-circuit current. In the first case, the calculation is made on the basis of the cable used, i.e., the cross section of the wires, the material and the laying methodor it is necessary to build on the expected load power. As for the second indicator, the choice of device is more theoretical. Existing machines have three limiting indicators - these are 4.5 kA, 6 kA and 10 kA. This is the value of the short circuit current at which the machine will work and the circuit will be open. If the house is close to an electrical substation, then a 6 kA device should be selected. Otherwise, 4.5 kA, which are most often the most suitable. As for machines with a short circuit current of 10 kA, the need for them arises quite rarely, and they are used only if the 6 kA machine can not cope.
Last of all, cable laying and installation of electrical appliances, which include switches and sockets, are carried out. A cable with copper conductors is the most suitable when doing internal wiring in a private house. Prices for it are higher than for similar aluminum, but the quality is better. Do not forget about the grounding of devices, so the use of a three-core cable will be very appropriate. Installation can be hidden or open. With the second option, wiring in a private house is installed easier and faster. It is most often used in wooden houses, but it is necessary to lay the cables in additional insulation, such as corrugation or cable channel. Hidden electrical wiring is carried out in stone and concrete houses and requires more physical costs for preparatory work, since it is necessary to make channels for the cable along all the walls where it iswill be laid.
