Many owners of a suburban area decide to build a house or a cottage on their own. One of the important stages of this process is the creation of the roof. The longevity of the operation of the house depends on the correct design and installation of this object.
There are a number of recommendations that must be followed when installing the roof yourself. Professional builders give a number of recommendations on how to perform this process correctly. How do-it-yourself roof construction is carried out will be discussed further.
General recommendations
Building a roof with your own hands (photo below) is a responsible and rather complicated process. This work is recommended to be carried out with an assistant. The design of the roof is carried out at the stage of creating a plan for the future building.
To do this work correctly, it is recommended to contact a specialized company that can take into account all the features of home operation andcreate the correct drawing. According to the finished plan, it will be easier to carry out construction work. If desired, the process of developing design drawings can be done independently. In this case, you will need to study the structure of the roof, a variety of similar elements of the building.
The choice of roof type depends on many factors. This is a fairly large element of the structure. The total weight of the roof depends on its configuration and materials. The larger it is, the stronger the foundation should be. Therefore, a roof drawing must be created before the house is built. This allows you to choose the right type of foundation, its dimensions and features.
It is very important to understand the structure of the roof, to know its basic elements. Therefore, building the roof of a house with your own hands should begin with a study of theory. This will allow you to create a house and its roof from scratch on your own. Before starting construction work, the type of roof, the angle of its slope, and the type of roofing materials must be determined.
Varieties
There are several varieties of roof structures. The choice depends on the taste preferences of the owners of the house, the features of the structure. One of the simplest varieties is a pitched roof. This option is rarely used in the construction of private houses. More often, shed structures are used in the construction of the roof of a bathhouse with their own hands, as well as other household facilities.
Gable roofing is a fairly simple option. Even a novice master can create such a design. A gable roof is ideal for smaller homes.
Another popular typeroofs are hip construction. In this case, its sides look like a trapezoid. The ends are in the form of triangles. This option is suitable for almost any private house. There are many modifications of hip structures, for example, half-hip roofs. They look original. However, it will be difficult to create a drawing and build such a roof on your own.
Hipped roof will create an interesting decorative effect. However, this type of structure is difficult to install. It turns out to be easier to build a sloping roof with your own hands. This type of structure is the best option for creating a mansard roof. Thanks to the sharp expansion of the slopes, there is more space in the room.
There are more complex varieties. They require special experience from the master. Therefore, they are not suitable for self-assembly.
Components of the structure
Do-it-yourself construction of a gable roof or other structures involves the development of an accurate plan. It is created in accordance with all building codes and requirements. To cope with this task, you need to consider the device of the roof. Its basis is the truss system. This is the design of racks, crossbeams, on which the roofing cake is mounted (waterproofing, vapor barrier, insulation, finishing material).
The basis of the truss system is Mauerlat. This is a support beam that runs along the perimeterdesigns. If the house is wooden, the Mauerlat replaces the upper edge of the log house. The top bar that connects the two slopes and forms the top of the roof is the ridge.
The design necessarily includes rafter legs. These are inclined beams, which at one end rest on the Mauerlat, and at the other end on the ridge. The ends of the roof are called gables. The design also includes side runs. They run parallel to the skate. They are used if the roof area is large.
Also in the plan there are often support posts. The ridge run is based on them. Such supports run vertically. They rest on the plane of the roof overlap. Various auxiliary elements can also be used. They are crossbars, beds, braces, struts, etc. They are used if it is necessary to strengthen the structure. Such elements increase the weight of the structure, but they are indispensable for large roof dimensions.
Rules for developing a plan
Building a wooden roof with your own hands can differ significantly from creating, for example, a soft roof. When designing a structure, a number of recommendations and building codes must be taken into account.
First you need to determine the angle of the roof. To do this, you need to take into account the climatic conditions of the area. If the area receives a large amount of precipitation during the year, the roof should be steeper. Snow and water will not linger on the slopes for a long time, sliding down. This will put less pressure on the roofing materials and foundation of the house.
Ifin the area where the house is being built, strong winds blow, the roof, on the contrary, should be flat. This will also reduce the load on materials, extending the life of the building.
The features of the operation of the structure are also taken into account. If the attic is to be used as a storage or living space, the angle of inclination of the slopes must be at least 45º.
Finishing material also affects the choice of the type of construction. The smaller the angle of inclination, the cheaper the installation will cost. In this case, not creating a structure will require fewer materials. An angle of inclination of 5º can be a multilayer soft roof. If metal tile or corrugated board is used, the slopes should be inclined at an angle of 15º. For slate, this figure is at least 22º.
Building a shed roof with your own hands involves creating a slope of 20 to 35º, and a gable roof - 20-45º.
Creating a truss system
When building a roof, first of all, its supporting structure is created. It is almost always made from wood. Before installation, all elements made of natural material are impregnated with an antiseptic and fire-fighting compound.
First you need to fix the Mauerlat. Do-it-yourself construction of the roof of wooden houses involves using the upper edge of the wall beam as a support. Therefore, Mauerlat in this case is not required. For other types of buildings, the support beam should have a section of 15x15 cm. If the roof is overall, this figure increases.
To pinMauerlat, a wire is embedded in the wall, with the help of which the beam is fixed on the wall. You can also embed galvanized studs with a thickness of at least 1.2 cm into the wall. You can also use a monolithic beam made of concrete, in which such studs are installed at the factory. Between the clamps there should be a step of no more than 10-12 cm. A beam is put on them. It is fixed with nuts.
If necessary, the beds are laid parallel to the side beams. Their cross section should be 15x15 cm. Vertical racks are installed on the beds in increments that correspond to the distance between the rafters. This is not required for a small roof.
The outermost rafters rest on these racks first. Where the rafters are in contact with the Mauerlat, you need to make curly cuts in the wood. Fixation is carried out using metal plates. The extreme farms will serve as a frame for the gables. The ridge beam is laid over the connected tops of the gables.
In increments of 60 to 100 cm, the subsequent rafters are laid. They are supported on a Mauerlat, support posts and a skate. Next, you can sew up the gables with boards. At the same time, they leave a hole for windows (if provided by the plan). The ends of the rafters will form the eaves. This is a mandatory element of the roof. If necessary, the length of the legs of the rafters is increased by segments from a bar of the same thickness.
Roofing cake
Do-it-yourself construction of a mansard roof or other types of construction involves the obligatory arrangement of a roofing pie. This is a set of materials that are necessary to maintain an optimal microclimate insideattic space, and also contribute to the long life of the truss system.
If the space under the roof will not be used as a living room or storage room, you can not apply thermal insulation. However, waterproofing is a mandatory element of the design. It is better to create an insulated roof. In this case, the building will be more durable, its heating in winter will not require additional financial resources.
First, a layer of vapor barrier is laid. The film will not allow condensation to collect inside the roofing cake. Otherwise, the materials will be destroyed under the influence of moisture, a fungus will appear. The vapor barrier is fixed with a mounting stapler to the roof structure from the side of the attic. When finishing the attic floor, it will need to be sewn up with boards or drywall. The film is overlapped, gluing the seams with adhesive tape. The outlet side should be directed towards the attic room.
Next, a heater is mounted, which is mineral wool. It is a non-combustible material that does not emit any harmful substances into the environment. Plates are laid between the rafter legs. Waterproofing is laid on the insulation. It is also overlapped and fixed with tape.
Creating a crate
Do-it-yourself construction of the roof of a private house is carried out in accordance with established building requirements. Depending on the selected roofing material, a certain crate is created. It will allow you to fix the finishing material on the surface of the slopes.
For the crate, boards with a cross section of 10x2.5 cm are used. The length of each element should be sufficient to cover two steps of the legs of the truss system. To fix the boards, nails with a length of 10 cm or more are used.
Join the elements of the crate on the supports. Between them you need to leave a distance of at least 5 mm. With the thermal expansion of wood, this will avoid deformation of the structure. The boards that form the ridge should be very close together.
The type of lathing is chosen in accordance with the selected roofing materials. So, for soft flooring, for example, roofing felt, rolled tiles, batten boards should be packed close to each other. If corrugated board or metal tiles are used, the pitch of the boards is determined by the wave distance of these materials.
Often to create an additional counter batten. In this case, the first row of boards is stuffed parallel to the ridge, and the second row is perpendicular. This allows for extra ventilation.
Arrangement of roofing nodes
Do-it-yourself construction of the roof of a house involves equipping all roofing units after creating the crate. Their number and set depend on the type of construction. Mandatory elements are ridge, cornice and other elements. They allow you to seal joints and nodes, give them additional strength.
First, the eaves assembly is mounted. It protects the roof from externalimpacts. The gable knot is necessary to protect the structure from gusty winds. If there are concave corners on the roof, they are closed with the help of valley knots. A special profile is used for the skate.
For convex corners, a back assembly should be mounted, and for wall sections or at pipe outlets, appropriate structural elements.
Gutter fixing
Do-it-yourself roof construction involves the installation of gutters. Brackets will need to be screwed to the front board. With the help of latches, the gutter and funnel are connected. Drainage is suspended on the brackets. The pipe can be connected to the funnel using an elbow. There must be a drain at the end of the system. The pipe is also fixed by fixing it to the wall with clamps.
Roof finishing
Do-it-yourself roof construction ends with finishing. When laying slate, special self-tapping screws with a wide cap are used. The material is overlapped. A popular type of topcoat is soft tile. Its installation starts from the middle of the eaves and moves towards the gables. Fixation takes place with the help of galvanized nails with a wide hat.
Metal tiles are mounted overlapping, starting from the bottom corner of the roof. For fastening, self-tapping screws are used, the thickness of which will be less than the hole in the material. Decking can be connected in different ways. Seam connection is popular. In this case, it is not required to make holes for self-tapping screws. A special stitch is applied.
Having considered how the construction of the roof is carried out with your own hands, you can do all the workright.
