The long-awaited spring is just coming into its own, and gardeners and gardeners have been actively preparing for the summer season for a long time. Some have sown seeds and are waiting for germination, while others are acquiring high-yielding varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses, preferring ready-made seedlings.
Summer residents are people who are fond of, dreaming of getting the earliest and plentiful harvest. They share their experience in growing various crops and strive to find the best varieties of vegetables, fruits and berries. But today we are interested in high-yielding varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses. They will help you get a plentiful and early harvest in almost any region.
For most gardeners, the tomato is a favorite vegetable. It is grown mainly in greenhouses and greenhouses (especially in the northern and central regions of Russia). Today, breeders offer gardeners many varieties of tomato. All of them are distinguished by a special taste, shape of fruits, their color, various agrotechnical characteristics.
These days almost everyplot you can see small neat houses made of transparent material. These are polycarbonate greenhouses. What is the advantage of these facilities?
Polycarbonate greenhouse
Growing delicious, he althy and environmentally friendly vegetables and fruits is the dream of any gardener. To achieve this, it is necessary to create a comfortable environment for plants. In this case, a greenhouse comes to the aid of the summer resident. Traditional materials for the construction of greenhouses are polyethylene and glass. But in recent years, a relatively new material, polycarbonate, has become increasingly popular.
Gardeners prefer it for many reasons, but one of the main ones is the ability to independently assemble any structure from it without resorting to the help of specialists.
The main advantages of polycarbonate greenhouses include:
- maximum sunlight throughput;
- resistance to mechanical damage;
- the ability to give the structure any shape;
- long service life (up to 20 years);
- moisture resistance;
- attractive appearance.
Such designs are successfully used in the northern regions of our country and in Central Russia, including the Moscow region. The best varieties for growing in such a greenhouse must be selected in accordance with some rules. Following them will help you grow a rich harvest. So, the recommendations of experienced gardeners:
- Purchase varieties that are resistant to the development of variousmicroorganisms.
- You must opt for self-pollinated tomatoes. There is no access to the greenhouse for insects, so gardeners have to pollinate the bushes themselves, and this sometimes causes difficulties.
- You should not grow several crops in one building: no matter what high-yielding tomato varieties you choose for the greenhouse, you will not be able to grow a good crop in this case.
Next, let's talk about the most popular products of breeders and agricultural firms.
Polycarbonate greenhouse tomatoes
All varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses are divided into two groups: indeterminate and determinant. Each of them differs in the characteristics of cultivation. You need to familiarize yourself with them before purchasing seeds or seedlings.
Determinant varieties attract many greenhouse owners with their small bush sizes. Usually they grow to a certain cluster, and then stop growing in height, giving all the nutrients to the formation of fruits.
Openwork
This variety can be grown in any region of our country. Tomatoes are resistant to most diseases characteristic of this vegetable. The red tomato is large, covered with a dense skin and has a very tasty and fragrant pulp with a sweetish aftertaste.
Spring of the North
These are pink tomatoes. The fruits are distinguished by a rather dense pulp and skin, which makes them easy to transport and store for a long time. The variety is resistant to diseases, however, this does not mean that you can completely abandoncare and regular feeding, which we will talk about a little later.
Indeterminate varieties
These varieties can be grown throughout the year in greenhouses (except for particularly frosty winters). Such tomatoes are resistant to any temperature changes.
Octopus
If you can create a good heating system in the greenhouse, this variety can be grown in the winter. The bright red tomato has an oval shape. Some vegetable growers are experimenting with it, growing a real tomato tree.
Major
Great variety that allows you to grow a good harvest in any region of Russia. The bright red fruits are firm-fleshed and can be transported over long distances.
Tomato varieties for the Moscow region (for greenhouses)
We have already said that almost all greenhouse varieties can be grown in almost all regions of our country. And yet we want to talk about those that are popular in the suburbs.
Pink honey
It's not surprising that popular varieties of tomatoes for the Moscow region (for greenhouses) were developed by Russian specialists. This variety, for example, is the brainchild of West Siberian selection. He has proven himself well for growing in greenhouses. Large-fruited, mid-season variety with heart-shaped fruits, related to high-yielding. These are pink tomatoes with amazing taste. The fruits are tied not only on the lower, but also on subsequent brushes.
The weight of fruits from the lower brush can reach one kilogram. A bush grows in a greenhouseup to 1.5 m in height. Few leaves, weak disease resistance.
Most vegetable growers believe that this is an ideal option for the Moscow region: great taste, huge tomatoes. For a polycarbonate greenhouse, the variety is especially good, but there is still one drawback - too thin branches cannot withstand the weight of the fruit and break.
Cowheart and Cowheart Pink
Perhaps the most popular high-yielding tomato varieties for greenhouses. Cow's heart belongs to varieties of medium ripening. The bush is strong, massive, up to 1.5 m high. Four or five brushes linger on the main stem. On each - four fruits weighing about 500 grams. Tomatoes are cone-shaped, pink-raspberry colored, very tasty and fleshy, suitable for salads.
Gardeners note that the varieties of this series are completely unpretentious in growing. Even beginners in vegetable growing can get an excellent harvest.
And now we will introduce you to a few more varieties that have proven themselves in many regions.
Blagovest
Blagovest tomatoes have been successfully grown in our country for a long time. Description of the variety can be found in many gardening publications. This is a determinant plant of medium size. On average, the bush grows up to 1.5 m. The plant needs a garter. On each brush, from 7 to 9 selected fruits are formed. Tomatoes have a slightly flattened shape and smooth skin.
Red fruits weigh from110 to 120 grams, have 2-3 seed chambers. They are consumed both fresh and used for marinades and pickles.
Intuition
Characteristics of tomato F1 intuition is well known to many vegetable growers, as the variety is popular and in demand. It is famous for its very high yield, ease of care. This is the first hybrid of domestic selection. The advantages of this variety include:
- high yield;
- perfectly even fruit shape;
- excellent presentation;
- possibility to collect with brushes.
Kostroma
Tomato Kostroma F1 is a hybrid that is of interest not only to owners of subsidiary plots because of the excellent taste and wide use of fruits, but also to farmers who have chosen these tomatoes for their excellent presentation and precocity.
Recommended for film, glass and polycarbonate greenhouses. Differs in an early and plentiful harvest (up to five kilograms from a bush).
Some greenhouse varieties of tomatoes (high-yielding) have quite impressive bush sizes. For example, Kostroma grows up to two meters in height.
Red tomato has a characteristic flat-round shape. Fruit weight - 150 grams. Suitable for whole-fruit canning, thanks to its excellent taste, it is indispensable for fresh salads. The plant is resistant to changes in air humidity and temperature.
Rosemary F1
This is a wonderful hybrid of medium maturity, which pleases gardeners with yields andgreat taste qualities. Its slightly sweet taste will appeal not only to adults, but also to children. A feature of the variety is the possibility of using it in dietary and baby food.
The fruits have a smooth pink skin and quite impressive size: the weight of one fruit reaches 500 grams. They have a slightly flattened, rounded shape and a slight unevenness at the stem.
Everyone who has already grown rosemary tomato in a greenhouse, reviews about it leave enthusiastic. This is a wonderful plant that can be advised not only to experienced vegetable growers, but also to beginners. The fruits are very tasty and fragrant, it is a pity that due to their size they are not suitable for canning.
Features of care
If you have had a greenhouse for more than a year, then you need to disinfect the room before planting tomatoes. Greenhouses with a wooden frame are fumigated with sulfur. In a tightly closed greenhouse, sulfur should smolder for at least five days, destroying all harmful bacteria, insects, mold, fungi and other infections.
In greenhouses with a metal frame, it is impossible to burn sulfur, because it will cause metal corrosion, a disinfectant solution should be used: 400 g of bleach must be dissolved in 10 liters of water. Let the composition brew for 4-5 hours and spray the greenhouse from the inside with the composition, and then close the room tightly for three days.
After this time, it is necessary to ventilate well and thoroughly clean the greenhouse with brushes. The metal parts of the structure are treated with boiling water, andwooden rubbed with copper sulphate (solution).
Landing
For planting, seedlings that are 50 days old are most often used. Three days before planting, the three lower leaves are removed from the seedlings, leaving stumps about two centimeters long. The temperature of the soil in the beds (at a depth of 20 cm) should not be lower than +13 °C, and the air temperature should not be lower than +25 °C.
Ground
Experts recommend changing the soil in a greenhouse every five years. Despite fertilizers, the soil is depleted during this period. At the same time, annually in the off-season, the soil is disinfected with Bordeaux liquid (one percent solution), copper sulfate.
For early tomatoes, beds have been prepared since autumn. The optimal height of the bed is 40 cm. For growing tomatoes, humus or soddy land is suitable, into which a tablespoon of potassium sulfate and potassium magnesia, urea and sodium nitrate are added for every square meter. One and a half glasses of wood ash are added to this composition.
Care
The seedlings should not be disturbed for the first few days, and after 5 days you can carefully loosen the soil. When the fruits begin to pour, the temperature in the daytime should be in the range of +24 … +26 ° C, and at night it should be +18 ° C. It is necessary to maintain humidity in the greenhouse at least 65%. Be sure to regularly ventilate the room. This is especially important during the flowering period of plants - at this time there should be no condensation on the walls. Soil that is too wet makes the fruit sour and watery, reducing fleshiness.
For the appearance of the ovary, it is necessary to artificially pollinate the plants. On a sunny dayshake the brushes and immediately spray the flowers and soil with water so that the pollen on the pestle germinates. After two hours, to reduce humidity, open a window in the greenhouse.
Irrigation
After planting, forget about watering the seedlings for ten days so that it takes root, and does not stretch in height. Before fruit setting, tomatoes should be watered frequently and abundantly (once every 5 days) with a water consumption of five liters per bush. During the fruiting period, watering is carried out up to three times a week, however, water consumption is reduced to three liters per bush.
Feeding
Without exception, all high-yielding varieties of tomatoes (for greenhouses and not only) need regular feeding. There must be at least four per season. The first time the tomatoes are fed after twenty days. To do this, in a bucket of water, it is necessary to dissolve half a liter of liquid mullein and a spoon (tablespoon) of "nitrophoska". A liter of the mixture is poured under each bush.
Ten days later, the following solution is introduced into the soil: a tablespoon of the same fertilizer, to which a spoon (tea) of potassium sulfate is added.
After two weeks, dissolve a spoonful of superphosphate and two tablespoons of wood ash (with a slide) in a bucket of water and water the beds with the resulting composition.
During the ripening of fruits in the greenhouse, to speed up the filling of fruits, add another solution to the soil: one tablespoon (tablespoon) of liquid sodium humate and two tablespoons of superphosphate, diluted in ten liters of water. Consumption - 5 liters per sq. m.
